Fortificação de alimentos industrializados com vitaminas

Autores

  • Selma Coelho LIBERATO Universidade Federal de Viçosa
  • Helena Maria PINHEIRO-SANT’ANA Universidade Federal de Viçosa

Palavras-chave:

vitaminas, alimentos fortificados, hábitos alimentares

Resumo

Vitaminas são nutrientes essenciais à vida. Hábitos alimentares inadequados, alto consumo energético e falhas no metabolismo levam a deficiências de micronutrientes, que afetam mais de dois bilhões de pessoas mundialmente. O consumo, cada vez maior, de alimentos industrializados, somado à baixa estabilidade das vitaminas, têm induzido à prática de adição de nutrientes aos alimentos processados. Esta revisão discute terminologia, disponibilidade, ingestão e risco de hipervitaminose devida ao consumo desses produtos, e a importância nutricional dos de alimentos fortificados com vitaminas. A adição de nutrientes deve ocorrer em alimentos que, efetivamente, participem da dieta da população alvo e deve obedecer às necessidades reais de segmentos significativos da população. No Brasil, se encontra, disponível em supermercados, um total de 166 produtos enriquecidos com vitaminas. Um estudo de coorte de 10 anos, desenvolvido na Alemanha, com crianças e adolescentes, comprovou que 90% dos pesquisados utilizaram, pelo menos, um alimento fortificado. Ao longo do período estudado, observou-se o consumo de 472 diferentes produtos fortificados. O enriquecimento de alimentos, entretanto, deveria basear-se nas necessidade de cada país, e, se possível, nas necessidades regionais, que variam de região a região. Na Dinamarca, por exemplo, durante o inverno, e principalmente nos idosos, a vitamina D necessita ser adicionada aos alimentos, para que aumente o seu consumo. No Brasil, diferentemente, não há evidências de necessidade de fortificação de alimentos com essa vitamina. Apesar disso, uma investigação mostrou que, de 76 produtos lácteos enriquecidos, 37 continham vitamina D. A fortificação de alimentos é uma estratégia importante para resolver problemas de deficiência nutricional, porém também pode ocasionar muitos danos à saúde. 

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19-09-2023

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Coelho LIBERATO, S., & PINHEIRO-SANT’ANA, H. M. . (2023). Fortificação de alimentos industrializados com vitaminas. Revista De Nutrição, 19(2). Recuperado de https://periodicos.puc-campinas.edu.br/nutricao/article/view/9783

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