BETA - CAROTENO E CÂNCER
Palabras clave:
epidemiologia nutricional, quimioprevenção, neoplasias, carcinógenos, carotenóides, beta-carotenoResumen
Há mais de vinte anos tem-se pesquisado sobre a relação entre β-caroteno e câncer. Inúmeros trabalhos têm tentado esclarecer a hipótese, formulada a partir de achados epidemiológicos e experimentais, de que o carotenóide poderia agir como anticarcinogênico de origem alimentar. Estudos epidemiológicos observacionais, tipo caso-controle e coorte, sugerem que o consumo elevado de frutas e vegetais ricos em β-caroteno reduz o risco de câncer, especialmente de pulmão. Estudos de intervenção em humanos, administrando doses farmacológicas crônicas a milhares de indivíduos, têm demonstrado resultados contraditórios. Pesquisas em animais experimentais e em cultura de células apontam o carotenóide como quimiopreventivo, agindo sobretudo como retinóides, através de conversão metabólica extra-intestinal e como antioxidante de membrana. Conclui-se que o β-caroteno pode proteger contra o câncer, quando suplementado em doses fisiológicas, isto é, cerca de 4 a 6mg/dia. Doses farmacológicas crônicas não estão recomendadas para indivíduos saudáveis e particularmente para tabagistas.
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