Omega-3 fatty acids interference on the blood lipids of rats subjected to swimming exercise
Keywords:
Fatty acid, Omega-3, Lipids, Swimming, RatsAbstract
Objective
To investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation at doses of 0.5 and 1.0g/kg/day on the blood lipids of rats submitted or not to swimming exercise.
Methods
Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control, control+swimming, omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids+swimming. The omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids+swimming groups received supplements by gavage, while the remaining animals received water by the same method. The control+swimming and omega-3 fatty acids +swimming groups were submitted to exercise. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL were determined before and after the experimental procedures.
Results
The concentrations of total cholesterol in the 0.5g/kg/day groups reduced proportionally more in the omega-3 fatty acids+swimming group, even though total cholesterol of the control+swimming and omega-3 fatty acids groups also decreased. Total cholesterol decreased in both groups receiving 1.0g/kg/day supplementation, but the decrease was higher in the omega-3 fatty acids+swimming group than in the omega-3 fatty acids group. Triglycerides also decreased in all experimental groups. The greatest decrease was seen in the omega-3 fatty acids+swimming group receiving 0.5g/kg/day supplementation. In the 1.0g/kg/day
protocol, the decrease was significant in both groups: the omega-3 fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids+swimming groups. HDL increased among the non-supplemented animals and decreased among the animals receiving a supplementation of 1.0g/kg/day.
Conclusion
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation at doses of 0.5 or 1.0g/kg/day associated with swimming exercise reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, yet additional studies, including varying doses, are necessary to better understand the relationship between ingestion of fish oil and blood lipid concentrations.
References
Pellizzon M, Buison A, Ordiz F, Santa Ana L, Jen C. Effects of dietary fatty acids and exercise on bodyweight regulation and metabolism in rats. Obesity Res. 2002; 10(9):947-55.
Aguila MB, Loureiro CC, Pinheiro AR, Mandarimde-Lacerda CA. Lipid metabolism in rats fed diets containing different types of lipids. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2002; 78(1):32-8.
Gaíva MH, Couto RC, Oyama LM, Couto GEC, Silveira VLF, Ribeiro EB, et al. Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: effect on hepatic metabolism in rats. Nutrition. 2003; 19(2):144-9.
Covington MB. Omega-3 fatty acids. Am Fam Physicion. 2004; 70(1):133-40.
Águila MB, Apfel MIR, Mandarin-de-Lacerda CA. Comparação morfológica e bioquímica entre ratos envelhecidos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica e com óleo de canola. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1997; 68(3):155-61.
Lombardo YB, Chicco AG. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids on dislipidemia and insulin resistance in rodents and humans. A review. J Nutr Biochem. 2006; 17(1):1-13.
Lima FEL, Menezes TN, Tavares MP, Szarfarc SC, Fisberg RM. Ácidos graxos e doenças cardiovasculares: uma revisão. Rev Nutr. 2000; 13(2):73-80.
Baró L, Fonollá J, Peña JL, Martinez-Férez A, Lucena A, Jiménez J, et al. N-3 fatty acids plus oleic acid and vitamin supplemented milk consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol, homocysteine and levels of endothelial adhesion molecules in healthy humans. Clin Nutr. 2003; 22(2):175-82.
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Wolk A, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary intake of a-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999; 69(5):890-7.
Carvajal O, Ângulo O. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipidic profile of healthy Mexican volunteers. Salud Publica Mex. 1997; 39(3):221-4.
Pellizzon M, Buison A, Ordiz F, Santa Ana L, Jen C. Effects of dietary fatty acids and exercise on bodyweight regulation and metabolism in rats. Obes Res. 2002; 10(9):947-55.
Laidlaw M, Holub BJ. Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 fatty acids and y-linolenic on circulating plasma lipids and fatty acid profiles in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 77(1):37-42.
Jorge PAR, Neyra LC, Ozaki RM, Almeida E. Efeito dos ácidos graxos ômega-3 sobre o relaxamentodependente do endotélio em coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos. Arq Bras Cardiol. 1997; 69(1):13-8.
Durant RH, Linder CW, Mahoney OM. Relationship between habitual physical activity and serum lipoprotein levels in white male adolescents. J Adolesc Health Care. 1983; 4(4):235-40.
Kiran TR, Subramanyam MVV, Devi SA. Swim exercise training and adaptations in the antioxidant defense system of myocardium of old rats: relationship to swim intensity and duration. Comp Biochem Physiol Biochem Mol Biol. 2004; 137(2):187-96.
Guedes DP, Guedes JERP. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, dietary content and risk factors that cause a predisposition towards cardiovascular disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2001; 77(3):251-7.
Porsolt RD, Le Pichon M, Jafre M. Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Nature. 1977; 266(5604):730-2.
Devi SA, Prathima S, Subramanyam MVV. Dietary vitamin E and physical exercise: I. altered endurance capacity and plasma lipid profile in ageing rats. Exp Gerontol. 2003; 38(3):285-90.
Morvan V, Dumon MF, Palos-Pinto A, Bérard AM. N-3 FA increase liver uptake of HDL-cholesterol in mice. Lipids. 2002; 37(8):763-72.
Arteaga A, Villanueva CL, Skorin C, Guasch V, Ovando FS, Velasco N, et al. Dislipidemicos con cardiopatia coronaria. Effecto de diferentes dosis de acidos grasos omega 3 sobre los lipidos y lipoproteinas sericas. Rev Méd Chile. 1993; 121(6): 618-25.
Eristland J. Safety considerations of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 71(Supll 1): 197S-201S.
Harris WS, Lu G, Rambjor GS, Walen AI, Ontko JA, Cheng Q, et al. Influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on the endogenous activities of plasma lipases. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997; 66(2): 254-60.
Park Y, Harris WS. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation accelerates chylomicron triglyceride clearance. J Lipid Res. 2003; 44(3): 455-63.
Prinsen BHCMT, Romijn JA, Bisschop PH, Barse MMJ, Barrett PHR, Ackermans M, et al. Endogenous cholesterol synthesis is associated with VLDL-2 apoB-100 production in healthy humans. J Lipid Res. 2003; 44(7):1341-8.
Pan M, Cederbaum AI, Zhang Y, Ginsberg HN, Willians KJ, Fisher EA. Lipid peroxidation and oxidant stress regulate hepatic apolipoprotein B rdegradation and VLDL production. J Clin Invest. 2004; 113(9):1277-87.
Stocker R, Keaney JF. Role of oxidative modifications in atherosclerosis. Physiol Rev. 2004; 84(4): 1381-478.
Kikugawa K, Yasuhara Y, Ando K, Koyama K, Hiramoto K, Suzuki M. Effect of supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on oxidative stress-induced DNA damage of rat hepatocytes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2003; 26(9):1239-44.
Song JH, Fujimoto KE, Miyazawa T. Polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids susceptible to peroxidation are increased in plasma and tissue lipids of rats fed docosahexaenoic acid-containing oils. J Nutr. 2000; 130(12):3028-33.
Mata P, Alonso R, Mata N. Los Omega-3 y omega9 en la enfermedad cardiovascular. In: Mataix J, Gil A. Libro blanco de los omega-3. Madrid: Instituto Omega-3; 2002. p.49-62.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Bettina MORITZ, Elisabeth WAZLAWIK, Jaqueline MINATTI, Rafaella Cristina DIMBARRE DE MIRANDA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.