Effect of cold pressed grape seed oil on rats’ biochemical markers and inflammatory profile
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long term consumption of cold-pressed grape seed oil purchased in Brazil on the biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers of healthy rats.
Methods
Weaned and healthy Wistar rats received two concentrations (3 and 6 mL/kg body weight) of grape seed and soy oil for 65 days. The parameters studied were food intake and body, liver, brain, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue weight. The fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue was also determined. Serum biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, and inflammatory profile were assessed, quantifying the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 10 and IL-6.
Results
Grape seed oil, regardless of dosage, promoted much fat accumulation on hepatic tissue and also increased serum lipid peroxidation. The highest dosage promoted the greatest incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The biochemical parameters and serum inflammatory markers did not change.
Conclusion
Grape seed oil did not promote significant metabolic changes at either concentration but increased serum lipid peroxidation.
References
Dannenberger D, Nuernberg, G, Renne U, Nuernberg K, Langhammer M, Huber K, et al. High-fat diets rich in ω-3 or ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid have distinct effects on lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation in mice selected for either high body weight or leaness. Nutrition. 2013; 29(5):765-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2012.10.010
Alvheim AR, Torstensen BE, Lin YH, Lillefosse, HH, Lock EJ, Madsen L, et al. Dietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and mice, and induces weight gain and inflammation in mice. J Br Nutr. 2013; 109(8):1508-17. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512003364
Patterson E, Wall R, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C. Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polynsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Metabol. 2012; 2012(1):1-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/53 9426
Williams C, Buttriss J. Health benefits of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs). Improving the fat content of foods. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 2006.
Covas MI, Konstantinidou V, Fitó M. Olive oil and cardiovascular health. J Cardiovascular Pharmacol. 2009; 54(6):477-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FJC. 0b013e3181c5e7fd
Asadi F, Shahriari A, Pourkabir M, MacLaren R. Short and long-term effect of corn oil on serum lipid and lipoprotein and visceral abdominal fat pad parameters of rats. J Food Lipids. 2008; 15(1):68-80. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.2007.00103.x
Asadi F, Shahriari A, Charhardah-cheric M. Effect of long-term optional ingestion of canola oil, grapeseed oil, corn oil and yogurt butter on serum, muscle and liver cholesterol status in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48(8-9):2454-57. http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.06.012
Fernandes L, Casal S, Cruz, R, Pereira JA, Ramalhos E. Seed oils of ten traditional Portuguese grape varieties with interesting chemical and antioxidant properties. Food Res Int. 2013; 50(1):161-66. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.039
American Oil Chemists’ Society. Official methods and recommended practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. 5th ed. Champaign: AOCS; 2004.
American Oil Chemists’ Society. Association of official analytical chemists. Official methods of analysis, Arlington, Official Method. Champaign: AOCS; 2002.
Houde VP, Brûlé S, Festuccia WT, Blanchard PG, Bellmann K, Deshaies Y, et al. Chronic rapamycin treatment causes glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia by upregulating hepatic gluconeogenesis and impairing lipid deposition in adipose tissue. Diabetes. 2010; 59(6):1338-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db09-1324
Fukuyama N, Homma K, Wakana N, Kudo K, Suyama A, Ohazama H, et al. Validation of the Friedewald equation for evaluation of plasma LDL cholesterol. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2008; 43(1):1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.2008036
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yaoi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979; 95(2):351-58. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
Box GEP, Cox DR. An analysis of transformations. J Royal Statistical Soc. 1964; 26(2):211-52. 15. Crews C, Hough P, Godward J, Brereton P, Lees M, Guiet S, et al. Quantitation of the main constituents of some authentic grape-seed oils of different origin. J Agricul Food Chem. 2006; 54(17):6261-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf060338y
Rockenbach II, Rodrigues E, Gonzaga LV, Fett R. Fatty acid composition of grape (Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis labrusca L.) seed oil. Braz J Food Technol. 2010; III SSA:23-6.
Codex alimentarius. Codex standart for named vegetable oils. Codex STAN 210-1999. 2001 [cited 2013 Dec 15]. Available from: http://www.codex alimentarius.org/input/download/standards/336/ CXS_210e.pdf
Hariri N, Thibault L. High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models. Nutr Res Rev. 2010; 23(2):270-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954422410000168
Radcliffe JD, King CC, Czajka-Narins DM, Imrhan V. Serum and liver lipids in rats fed diets containing corn oil, cottonseed oil, or a mixture of corn and cottonseed oils. Plant Foods Human Nutr. 2001; 56(1):51-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008 189503099
Hosomi R, Fukunaga K, Arai H, Kanda S, Nishiyama T, Yoshida M. Effect of combination of dietary fish protein and fish oil on lipid metabolism in rats. J Food Sci Technol. 2013; 50(2):266-274. http://dx. doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0343-y
Kawabata T, Shimoda K, Domon M, Hagiwara C, Takiwama M, Kagawa Y. Influences of stearidonic acid-enriched soybean oil on the blood and organ biochemical parameters in rats. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. 2013; 88(2):179-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa. 2012.11.004
Tsuduki T, Honma T, Nakagawa K, Ikeda I. Miyazawa T. Long-term intake of fish oil increases oxidative stress and decreases lifespan in senescence accelerated mice. Nutrition. 2011; 27(3):334-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.017
Carver JD, Benford VJ, Han B, Cantor AB. The relationship between age and the fatty acid composition of cerebral cortex and erythrocytes in human subjects. Brain Res Bull. 2001; 56(2):79-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00551-2
Curi R, Pompéia C, Miyasaka CK, Procópio J. Enten dendo a gordura: os ácidos graxos. Barueri: Manole; 2002.
Kim DJ, Jeon G, Sung J, Oh SK, Hong HC, Lee J. Effect of grape seed oil supplementation on plasma lipid profile in rats. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2010; 19(1):249-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-0 10-0035-9
Riccardi G, Giacco R, Rivellese AA. Review: Dietary fat, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr. 2004; 23(4):447-56. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.clnu.2004.02.006
Buettner R, Parhofer KG, Woenckhaus M, Wrede CE, Kunz-schughart LA, Scholmerich J, et al. Defining high-fat-diet rat models: Metabolic and molecular effects of different fat types. J Molecular Endocrinol. 2006; 36(3):485-501. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1677/jme.1.01909
Li G, Singh A, Liu Y, Sunderland B, Li D. Comparative effects of sandalwood seed oil on fatty acid profiles and inflammatory factors in rats. Lipids. 2013; 48(2):105-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11745-0 12-3752-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Fernanda Branco SHINAGAWA, Fernanda Carvalho de SANTANA, Jorge MANCINI-FILHO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
