Birth weight, physical growth and body composition in children: A longitudinal study
Keywords:
Fat body, Fat Free Mass, Fat percentage, Growth Curve, Multilevel analysesAbstract
Objective
To describe children’s physical growth (body mass and height) velocity and body composition (fat percentage and Fat Free Mass); to investigate the magnitude of interindividual differences according to age, gender and birth weight categories, as well as to examine the differences in the average trajectories of children with Low Birth Weight and Normal Weight according to international references.
Methods
The sample consisted of 534 children (279 boys and 255 girls, 7 to 10 years old) evaluated in the fi rst year of study and followed for 3 years with overlap between the ages of 7 and 9 years. Physical growth and bodycomposition measurements included: height, body mass, fat percentage (%Fat) and Fat Free Mass. Multilevel Modelling was used.
Results
Birth weight was not associated with physical growth and body composition markers at 7 years old or with the velocity of their changes (p>0.05). There were significant interindividual differences in the trajectories of physical growth (height and body mass; p<0.001) and body composition (%Fat and Fat Free Mass; p<0.001). In plotting on international percentile charts, the trajectories of growth and body composition were within expected values for age and gender, regardless of birth weight.
Conclusion
There are significant differences in the dynamics of stature growth, body mass and Fat Free Mass, and Low Birth Weight has no influence on this trajectory. In addition, values are within the expected range for age and sex.
References
Roche AF, Sun SS. Human growth: Assessment and interpretation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005.
Molinari L, Gasser T. The human growth curve: Distance, velocity and acceleration. In: Methods in Human Growth Research
(Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology). London: Cambridge University Press; 2004. p.27-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511542411.003
Visscher PM. Sizing up human height variation. Nat Genet. 2008;40(5):489-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0508-489
Wells JC, Stock JT. Re-examining heritability: Genetics, life history and plasticity. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011;22(10):421-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2011.05.006
Grimm KJ, Ram N, Hamagami F. Nonlinear growth curves in developmental research. Child Dev. 2011;82(5):1357-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j. 1467-8624.2011.01630.x
Wells JC. Worldwide variability in growth and its association with health: Incorporating body composition, developmental plasticity, and intergenerational effects. Am J Hum Biol. 2017;29(2):e22954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22954
Wells JC, Dumith SC, Ekelund U, Reichert FF, Menezes AM, Victora CG, et al. Associations of intrauterine and postnatal weight and length gains with adolescent body composition: Prospective birth cohort study from Brazil. J Adolesc Health. 2012;51(6):S58-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.08.013
Wells JC, Chomtho S, Fewtrell MS. Programming of body composition by early growth and nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc. 2007;66(3):423-34. http//dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0029665107005691
Wells J, Hallal P, Wright A, Singhal A, Victora C. Fetal, infant and childhood growth: Relationships with body composition in Brazilian boys aged 9 years. Int J Obes. 2005;29(10):1192-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803054
Rogers IS, Ness AR, Steer CD, Wells JC, Emmett PM, Reilly JR, et al. Associations of size at birth and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of lean and fat mass at 9 to 10 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(4):739-47.
Murray PG, Clayton PE. Endocrine control of growth. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2013;163(2):76-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg. c.31357
Hoffman DJ. Growth retardation and metabolic programming: Implications and consequences for adult health and disease risk. J Pediatr. 2014;90(4):325-8.
Sistema Único de Saúde. Departamento de Informática. Datasus publica edição revisada do PDTI 2016. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2016 [acesso 2017 fev 20]. Disponível em: http://datasus.saude.gov.br/informacoes-de-saude/publicacoes/pdti/2016-pdti
Prefeitura de Vitória de Santo Antão. Secretaria da Educação. Educação. [acesso 2017 fev 20]. Disponível em: http://www.prefeituradavitoria.pe.gov.br/www3/secretaria-de-educacao/
Lohman TG. Applicability of body composition techniques and constants for children and youths. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1986;14:325-57.
Lohman TG, Going SB. Body composition assessment for development of an international growth standard for preadolescent and adolescent children. Food Nutr Bull. 2006;27(4Suppl5):S314-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265060274S512
Hedeker D, Gibbons R, Toit M, Cheng Y. Supermix: Mixed effects models. Philadelphia: Scientific Software International; 2008.
Hox JJ. Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications. Oxford: Routledge; 2010.
Laurson KR, Eisenmann JC, Welk GJ. Body fat percentile curves for US children and adolescents. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(4):S87-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. amepre.2011.06.044
Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data. 2000;(314):1-27.
Walker SP, Gaskin PS, Powell CA, Bennett FI. The effects of birth weight and postnatal linear growth retardation on body mass index, fatnessand fat distribution in mid and late childhood. Public Health Nutr. 2002;5(03):391-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/PHN2001275
Okosun I, Liao Y, Rotimi C, Dever G, Cooper R. Impact of birth weight on ethnic variations in subcutaneous and central adiposity in American children aged 5-11 years: A study from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Obes. 2000;24(4):479-84.
Rolfe EDL, Loos RJ, Druet C, Stolk RP, Ekelund U, Griffin SJ, et al. Association between birth weight and visceral fat in adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(2):347-52.
Ayyavoo A, Derraik JG, Hofman PL, Biggs J, Cutfield WS. Metabolic, cardiovascular and anthropometric differences between prepubertal girls and boys. Clin Endocrinol. 2014;81(2):238-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cen.12436
McCarthy H, Cole T, Fry T, Jebb S, Prentice A. Body fat reference curves for children. Int J Obes. 2006;30(4):598-602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803232
Ribeiro AM, Carvalho Lima M, Lira PIC, Silva GAP. Baixo peso ao nascer e obesidade: associação causal ou casual? Rev Paul Pediatr. 2015;33(3):340-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rpped.2014.09.007
Suchomlinov A, Tutkuviene J. The relationship between birth weight, adiposity rebound and overweight at the age of 17 years (results of the Lithuanian longitudinal growth study, 1990-2008). Anthropol Anz. 2014;71(4):329-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0003-5548/2014/0406
Wells JC. Maternal capital and the metabolic ghetto: An evolutionary perspective on the transgenerational basis of health inequalities. Am J Hum Biol. 2010;22(1):1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20994
Monteiro CA, Benício MHDA, Konno SC, Silva ACF, Lima ALL, Conde WL. Causas do declínio da desnutrição infantil no Brasil, 1996-2007. Rev Saúde Pública. 2009;43(1):35-43.
Batista Filho M, Batista LV. Transição alimentar/nutricional ou mutação antropológica? Ciênc Cult. 2010;62(4):26-30. 31. Batista Filho M, Rissin A. A transição nutricional no Brasil: tendências regionais e temporais. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003;19(Supl1):S181-91.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Marcos André Moura dos SANTOS, Marcela de França VERÇOSA, Thayse Natacha Queiroz Ferreira GOMES, José António Ribeiro MAIA, Carol Gois LEANDRO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
