HÁBITOS E CONSUMO ALIMENT HÁBITOS E CONSUMO ALIMENTARES DE ATLETAS NADADORES
Palavras-chave:
Consumo de alimentos, hábitos alimentares, nutrição, dieta, atletas, nadadoresResumo
Estudou-se 27 atletas nadadores (14 mulheres e 13 homens) com idade entre 13 e 21 anos, com o objetivo de conhecer seus hábitos alimentares e consumo alimentar, aplicando-se questionários de registro e freqüência alimentar. O percentual de adequação foi determinado comparando-se as necessidades de cada indivíduo (calculadas teoricamente) com as quantidades consumidas. Os resultados indicaram que o consumo energético foi maior para os homens (média de 3 125Kcal contra 1 865Kcal das mulheres). O consumo dos demais nutrientes também apresentou-se superior para o sexo masculino, exceto para a vitamina C. A contribuição percentual de macronutrientes apresentou-se desequilibrada tanto para os homens quanto para as mulheres. Os homens presentaram uma adequação baixa (70-80%) para os carboidratos e vitamina A, uma adequação excedente (> 110%) para proteínas, gordura, vitamina C e ferro, e uma adequação normal para os demais nutrientes. As mulheres apresentaram uma adequação marginal (<70%) para os carboidratos, energia e cálcio; excedente para a vitamina C e normal para os demais nutrientes.
Referências
BAR-OR, O., UNNITHAN, V.B. Nutritional requeriments of young soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, London, v.12, p.S39-S42, 1994. Supplement.
BAZARRE, T.L., KLEINER, S.M., LITCH-FORD, M.D. Nutrient intake, body fat and lipid profiles of competitive male and female bodybuilders. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, New York, v.9, n.2, p.136-142, 1990.
BELKO, A.Z. Vitamins and exercise: an update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Baltimore, v.19, p. S191-S196, 1987. Supplement.
BENSON, J.E., ALLEMANN, Y., THEINTZ, G.E., HOWALD, H. Eating problems and caloric intake, levels in swiss adolescent athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v.11, n.4, p.249-252, 1990.
BLAIR, S.N., SCHOLLER, D.A., CYR, H.N., DIETZ, W. Comparasion of nutrient intake in middle aged men and women runners and controls. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,Baltimore,v.13, n.2, p.310-315, 1989.
BROTHERHOOD, J.R. Nutrition and sports performance. Sports Medicine, New York, v.1, n.1, p.350-389, 1984.
BURKE, L.M., READ, R.S.D. Diet patterns of elite Australians male triathletes Physiologic Sports Medicine,New York, v.15, n.3, p.140-155, 1987.
BUSKIRK, E.R. Ejercicio. In:CONOCIMENTOS actuales sobre nutrición. 6.ed. Washington DC : OPAS, 1991. p.394 -402.
BUTTERFIELD, G.E., CALLOWAY, D.H. Physical activity improves protein utilization in young men. British Journal of Nutrition, Cambridge, v.51, n.5, p.171-184, 1984.
CELEJOWA, I., HOMA, M. Food intake, nitrogen and energy balance in weigthlefters during a training camp. Nutrition Metabolism, Massachusets, v.12, n.5, p.259 -274, 1970.
CLEMENT, D.B., ASMUNDSON, R.C. Nutritional intake and hematological parameters in the endurance runners. Physiologic Sports Medicine, New York, v.10, n.13, p.232-238, 1982.
CHEN, J.D. Nutritional problems and measures in elite and amateurs athletes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v.49, n.6, p.1084-1089, 1989.
COSTILL, D.L., MILLER, J.M. Nutrition for endurance sports: carbohydrate and fluids balance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v.51, n.1, p.2-14, 1981.
COSTILL, D.L., DOYLE, J.A., STRAUSS, R., LAMB, R. Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged exercise on sucessives days. Journal of Applied Physiology, Bethesda, v.31, n.6, p.834 -838, 1971.
DAUMK, K., TUTTLE, W.W., MARTIN, C., MYERS, L. Effect of various types of breakfast on physiologic response. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,Chicago, v.26, n.3, p.503-506, 1950.
FABER, M., SPINNLER-BENADE, A.J., DAUBTZER, A. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and plasma lipid levels in throwing field athletes. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v.10, n.2, p.140-145, 1990.
GERSOVITZ, M., MADDEN, J.P., WRILGTH, H.S. Validity of the 24 hr dietary recall and seven days record for group comparisions. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,Chicago, v.73, n.7, p.48-55, 1978.
GRANDJEAN, A.C. Macronutrient intake of VS athletes compared with the general population and recomendations made for athletes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v.49, n.6, p.1070-1076, 1989.
GREEN, D. R., GIBBONS, C., O’TOOLE, M., HILLER, W. An evolution of dietary intakes of triathletes: are RDAS being met? Journal of the American Dietetic Association,Chicago, v.89, n.11, p.430-433, 1989.
HARGREAVES, M. Carbohydrate and lipid requerimentes of soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, London, v.12, S13-S16, 1994.
HULTMAN, E., THOMSON, J.A., HARRIS, R.C. Work and exercise In: Modern nutrition in health and disease. 17.ed. Phyladelphia : Lea & Febiger, 1988. p.1001-1022.
HULTMAN, E. Nutritional effects on work performance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v.49, n.6, p.949-957, 1989.
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Estudo Nacional de Despesa Familiar (ENDEF): tabela de composição de alimentos. Rio de Janeiro, 1979.v.3.
KHOO, C. S., BURGESS, M.L., NORRIS, J. M., DAVIS, J.M. Nutrition intake and eating habits of triathletes. Annals Sports Medicine,Boston, v.3, p.144-150, 1987.
KRALL, E.A., DWYER, J.T. Validity of a food frequency questionaire and a food diary in a short-term recall situations. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,Chicago, v.73, n.2, p.48-55, 1987.
LEAF, A. What constitutes good nutrition for the athlete and pos athletes? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v.49, n.6, p.936-937, 1989.
LEAF, A., FRISA, K.B. Eating for health or for athletic performance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v.49, n.6, p.1066-1069, 1989.
LEMON, P.W.R. Protein and exercise update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Baltimore, v.19, p.S179-S190, 1987. Supplement.
LEMON, P.W.R. Protein requeriment of soccer. Journal of Sports Science,London,v.12, p.S17-S22, 1994.
LEMON, P.W.R., YARASHESKI, K.E., DOLONY, D.G. The importance of protein for athletes. Sports Medicine, Boston, v.1, n.5, p.474-480, 1984.
MAYER, J., BULLEN, B. Nutrition for athletic performance. The American Physiologic Society, Boston, v.40, n.3, p.369-397, 1960.
MONSEN, E.R. Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA’s) 10.ed. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,. Chicago, v.89, n.12, p.1748-1752, 1989.
ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD. Necessidades de energia y de proteinas. Genebra, 1985. p.220. (Informe Técnico, n.724).
PERNOW, B., SALTIN, B. Availability of substrates and capacity for prolonged heavy exercise in man. Journal of Applied Physiology,Bethesda,v.31, n.6, p.416-422, 1971.
SOARES, E.A., MIDORI, I., BURINI, R.C. Estudo antropométrico e dietético de nadadores competitivos de áreas metopolitanas da Região Sudeste do Brasil. Revista de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, v.28, n.1, p.9-19, 1994.
SHILLS, M.E., OLSON, J.A., SHIKE, M. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 8.ed. London : Lea & Feiber, 1995. p.623.
SHORT, S.H., SHORT, W.R. Four years study of university athletes dietary intake. Journal of the American Dietetic Association,Chicago, v.82, n.6, p.32-45, 1983.
TUTTLE, W.W., DAUM, K., MYERS, L., MARTIN, C. Effect of ommitting breakfast on physiologic response of men. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Chicago, v.26, n.7, p.330-338, 1950.
VAN ERP-BAART, A.M.J., SARIS, W.H.M., BIENKHORST, R.A., ELVERS, J.W.H. Nationwide survey on nutritional habits in elite athletes. Part I: Energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat intake. International Journal of Sports Medicine, Stuttgart, v.10, p.503-510, 1989. Supplement.
VANNUCCHI, H., MENEZES, E.W., CAMPANA, A.D., LAJOLO, F. M. Aplicações das recomendações nutricionais adaptadas à população brasileira. Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentação e Nutrição, São Paulo, v.2, p.155, 1990.
WILLIAMS, C., DEVLIN, J. Foods, nutrition and sports performance. London : E & FN SPON, 1994. p.194. (International Concensus Held 4 - 6 Febuary 1991).
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Ileana Mourão KAZAPI, Lúcia Andréa Zanete RAMOS
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
