Aspectos do ambiente construído associados à obesidade em crianças e adolescentes: revisão narrativa
Palavras-chave:
Ambiente construído, Criança, ObesidadeResumo
Objetivo
Realizar revisão narrativa da literatura, procurando descrever as características da disponibilidade de locais de comercialização de alimentos (pontos de venda de alimentos e pontos de alimentação) e sua associação com obesidade entre crianças em idade escolar e adolescentes.
Métodos
Foram identificados os estudos publicados entre 2003 e 2013 em três diferentes bases de dados que apresentaram resultados relacionados ao ambiente no entorno escolar e/ou residencial de crianças e adolescentes.
Resultados
No entorno das escolas, encontrou-se maior concentração de estabelecimentos do tipo fast food, em especial nas escolas de ensino médio, públicas ou localizadas em regiões de menor poder aquisitivo. Também foi identificado que crianças e adolescentes que residem em áreas mais distantes de lojas de conveniências apresentam dieta de melhor qualidade.
Conclusão
O reconhecimento da relação entre ambiente construído e obesidade, por meio do estabelecimento de evidências científicas, é necessário para a elaboração de estratégias diferenciadas que contribuam para o controle do crescimento da obesidade nesse grupo etário, com um novo olhar para a construção de espaços mais saudáveis.
Referências
Lopez RP. Neighborhood risk factors for obesity. Obesity. 2007; 15(8):2111-9.
Cummins S, Macintyre S. Food environments and obesity: Neighborhood or nation? Int J Epidemiol. 2006; 35(1):100-04. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/ dyi276
Van der Horst K, Oenema A, Ferreira I, Wendel-vos W, Giskes K, van Lenthe F, et al. A systematic review of environmental correlates of obesity-related dietary behaviors in youth. Health Educ Res. 2007; 22(2):203-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/ cyl069.
Ford PB, Dzewaltowski DA. Disparities in obesity prevalence due to variation in the retail food environment: Three testable hypotheses. Nutr Rev. 2008; 66(4):216-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ J.1753-4887.2008.00026.x
Brug J, Kremers SP, Van Lenthe F, Ball K, Crawford D. Environmental determinants of healthy eating: In need of theory and evidence. Proc Soc Nutr. 2008; 67(3):307-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S0029665108008616
Sallis JF, Glanz K. Physical activity and food environments: Solutions to the obesity epidemic. Milbank. 2009; 87(1):123-54. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00550.x
Zenk SN, Schulz AJ, Odoms-Yong A. How neighborhood environments contribute to obesity. Am J Nurs. 2009; 109(7):61-4. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000357175.86507.c8
Carroll-Scott A, Gistad-Hayden K, Rosenthal L, Peters SM, McCaslin C, Joyce R, et al. Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: The role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments. Soc Sci Med. 2013; 95:106-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04. 003
Jago R, Baranowski T, Baranowski JC, Cullen KW, Thompson D. Distance to food stores e adolescent male fruit and vegetable consumption: Mediation effects. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007; 4(35). http:// dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-4-35
Galvez MP, Hong L, Choi E, Liao L, Godbold J, Brenner B. Childhood obesity and neighborhoodfood-store availability in an inner-city community. Acad Pediatr. 2009; 9(5):339-43. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.acap.2009.05.003
Leung CW, Laraia BA, Kelly M, Nickleach D, Adler NE, Kuschi LH, et al. The influence of neighborhood food stores on change in young girls’ body mass index. Am J Prev Med. 2011; 41(1):43-51. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qmepre.2011.03.013
Wall MM, Larson NI, Forsyth A, Van Ripper DC, Graham DJ, Story MT, et al. Patterns of obesogenic neighborhood features and adolescent weight: A comparison of statistical approaches. Am J Prev Med. 2012; 42(5):265-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.10 16/j.amepre.2012.02.009
Buck C, Börnhorst C, Pohlabeln H, Huybrechts I, Pala V, Reisch L, et al. Clustering of unhealthy food around German schools and its influence on dietary behavior in school children- a pilot study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013; 10(65):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1186/1479-5868-10-65
Kelly B, Flood VM, Yeatman H. Measuring local food environments: An overview of available methods. Health & Place. 2011; 17(6):1284-93. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.014
Brownson RC, Hoehner CM, Day K, Forsyth A, Sallis JF. Measuring the built environment for physical activity-state of the science. Am J Prev Med. 2009; 36(Suppl.):S99-2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ameore.2009.01.005
Souza NPP, Oliveira MRM. O ambiente como elemento determinante da obesidade. Rev Simbio Logias. 2008; 1(1):157-73.
Crawford D, Ball K. Behavioural determinants of the obesity epidemic. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2002; 11(Suppl. 8):S718-21.
Kegler MC, Escoffery C, Alcantara I, Ballard D, Glanz K. A qualitative examinations of home and neighborhood environments for obesity prevention in rural adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008; 5(65):1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868- 5-65
Caballero B. The global epidemic of obesity: An overview. Epidemiol Rev. 2007; 29(1):1-5. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxm012
Cremm EC, Leite, FHM, Abreu DSC, Oliveira MA, Scagliusi FB, Martins, PA. Factors associated with overweight in children living in the neighborhoods of an urban area of Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2011; 15(6):1056-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S13689 80011002771
Inagami S, Cohen DA, Finch BK, Asch SM. You are where you shop: Grocery store locations, weight, and neighborhoods. Am J Prev Med. 2006; 31(1):10-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre. 2006.03.019
Lerário AC, Lottenberg AS. Mecanismos ambientais implicados no ganho de peso e as oportunidades para prevenção da obesidade. Einstein. 2006; 4(Supl. 1):S7-S13.
Glanz K, Sallis JF, Saelens BE, Frank LD. Healthy nutrition environments: Concepts and measures. Am J Health Promot. 2005; 19(5):330-3.
Lytle LA. Measuring the food environment state of the science. Am J Prev Med. 2009; 36(Suppl.): S134-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009. 01.018
Lovasi GS, Hutson MA, Guerra M, Neckerman KM. Built environments and obesity in disadvantaged populations. Epidemiol Rev. 2009; 31(1):7-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxp005
Caspi CE, Sorensen G, Subramanian SV, Kawachi I. The local food environment and diet: A systematic review. Health & Place. 2012; 18(5):1172-87. http:// dx.doi.org//10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.05.006
Austin SB, Melly SJ, Sanchez BN, Patel A, Buka S, Gortmaker SL. Clustering of fast food restaurants around schools: A novel application of spatial statistics to the study of food environments. Am J Public Health. 2005; 95(9):1575-81. http://dx.doi. org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.056341
Simon PA, Kwan D, Angelescu A, Shih M, Fielding JE. Proximity of fast food restaurants to schools: Do neighborhood income and type of school matter? Prev Med. 2008; 47(3):284-8. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.02.021
Sturm R. Disparities in the food environment surrounding US middle and high schools. Public Health. 2008; 122(7):681-90. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.09.004
Day PL, Pearce J. Obesity-promoting food environments and the spatial clustering of food outlets around schools. Am J Prev Med. 2011; 40(2):113-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre. 2010.10.018
Kestens Y, Daniel M. Social inequalities in food exposure around schools in an urban area. Am J Prev Med. 2010; 39(1):33-40. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.014
Kwate NOA, Loh JM. Separate and unequal: The influence of neighborhood and school characteristics on spatial proximity between fast food and schools. Prev Med. 2010; 51(2):153-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed2010.04.020
Gebauer H, Laska MN. Convenience stores surrounding urban schools: An assessment of healthy food availability, advertising, and product placement. J Urban Health. 2011; 88(4):616-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-011-9576-3
Harris DE, Blum JW, Bampton M, O´Brien LM, Beaudoin CM, Polacsek M, et al. Location of food stores near schools does not predict the weight status of Maine high school students. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2011; 43(4):274-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.10 16/j.jneb.2010.08.008
Leite FHM, Oliveira MA, Cremm EC, Abreu DSC, Maron LR, Martins PA. Availability of processed foods in the perimeter of public schools in urban areas. J Pediatr. 2012; 88(4):328-34. http://dx.doi. org/10.2223/JPED.2210
Black JL, Day M. Availability of limited service food outlets surrounding schools in British Columbia. Can J Public Health. 2012; 103(4):255-9.
Ellaway A, Macdonald L, Lamb K, Thornton L, Day P, Pearce J. Do obesity-promoting food environments cluster around socially disadvantaged schools in Glasgow, Scotland? Health Place. 2012; 18(6): 1335-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace. 2012.06.01
Seliske L, Pickett W, Rosu A, Janssen I. The number and type of food retailers surrounding schools and their association with lunchtime eating behaviors in students. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013; 10(19):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868- 10-19
Smith D, Cummins S, Clark C, Stansfeld S. Does the local food environment around schools affect diet? Longitudinal associations in adolescents attending secondary schools in East London. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13(70):1-18. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1186/1471-2458-13-70
Skidmore P, Welch A, van Sluijs E, Jones A, Harvey I, Harrison F, et al. Impact of neighborhood food environment on food consumption in children aged 9-10 years in the UK SPEEDY (Sport, Physical Activity and Eating behavior: Environmental Determinants in Young people) study. Public Health Nutr. 2010; 13(7):1022-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S13689 80009992035
Jilcott SB, Wade S, McGuirt JT, Wu Q, Lazorick S, Moore JB. The association between the food environment and weight status among eastern North Carolina youth. Public Health Nutr. 2011; 14(9):1610-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368 980011000668
Laska MN, Hearst MO, Forsyth A, Pasch KE, Lytle L. Neighborhood food environments: Are they associated with adolescent dietary intake, food purchases and weight status? Public Health Nutr. 2010; 13(11):1757-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ S1368980010001564
Harrison F, Jones AP, van Sluijs EMF, Cassidy A, Bentham G, Griffin S. Environmental correlates of adiposity in 9-10 year old children: Considering home and school neighborhoods and routes to school. Soc Sci Med. 2011; 72(9):1411-9. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.023
An R, Sturm R. School and residential neighborhood food environment and diet among California Youth. Am J Prev Med. 2012; 42(2):129-35. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.012
He M, Tucker P, Irwin JD, Gilliland J, Larsen K, Hess P. Obesogenic neighborhoods: The impact of neighborhood restaurants and convenience stores on adolescents´ food consumption behaviors. Public Health Nutr. 2012a; 15(12):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1017/S1368980012000584
He M, Tucker P, Gilliland J, Irwin JD, Larsen K, Hess P. The influence of local food environments on adolescents’ food purchasing behaviors. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012b; 9(4):1458-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9041458
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Abordagens espaciais na saúde pública. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. 2006 [acesso 2013 out 10]. Disponível em: http:// portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/serie_ geoproc_vol_1.pdf
Thornton LE, Pearce JR, Kavanagh AM. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the role of the built environment in influencing obesity: A glossary. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011; 1(8):71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-71
Wilson JS, Kelly CM, Schootman M, Baker EA, Banerjee A, Clennin M, et al. Assessing the built environment using omnidirectional imagery. Am J Prev Med. 2012; 42(2):193-99. http://dx.doi. org/ 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.09.029
Lake A, Townshendt O. Obesogenic environments: Exploring the built and food environments. J R Soc Promot Health. 2006; 126(6):262-7. http://dx. doi.org/10.1177/1466424006070487
Hosler AS, Dharssi A. Identifying retail food stores to evaluate the food environment. Am J Prev Med. 2010; 39(1):41-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. amepre.2010.03.006
Boone-Henonen J, Gordon-Larsen P. Obesogenic environments in youth: Concepts and methods from a longitudinal national sample. Am J Prev Med. 2012; 42(5):37-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.amepre.2012.02.005
Diez-Roux AV. Neighborhoods and health: Where are were do we go from here? Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2007; 55(1):13-21. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.respe.2006.12.003
Diez Roux AV, Mair C. Neighborhoods and health. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2010; 1186:125-45. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x55. Yeung J, Wearing S, Hills AP. Child transport practices and perceived barriers in active commuting to school. Transp Res Part A: Policy Pract. 2008; 42(6):895-900. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.tra.2007.12.007
McDonald NC. Children’s mode choice for the school trip: The role of distance and school location in walking to school. Transportation. 2008; 35(1): 23-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-007-9 135-7
Saelens BE, Handy SL. Built environment correlates of walking: A review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008; 40(Suppl. 7):550-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/ MSS.0b013e31817c67a4
Walton M, Pearce J, Day P. Examining the interaction between food outlets and outdoor food advertisements with primary school food environments. Health Place. 2009; 15(3):841-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.02. 003
Diez Roux AV, Mair C. Neighborhoods and health. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2010; 1186:125-45. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x
Zenk SN, Schulz AJ, Israel BA, James SA, Bao S, Wilson ML. Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit. Am J Public Health. 2005; 95(4):660-7. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.2105/AJPH.2004.042150
Rahman T, Cushing RA, Jackson RJ. Contributions of built environment to childhood obesity. Mt Sinai J Med. 2011; 78(1):49-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.10 02/msj.20235
Cetateanu A, Jones A. Understanding the relationship between food environments, deprivation and childhood overweight and obesity: Evidence from a cross sectional England-wide study. Health Place. 2014; 27:68-76. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.01.007
Guetabi M, Munasib A. Urban sprawl, obesogenic environment, and child weight. J Reg Sci. 2014; 54(3):378-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jors. 12123
de Vet E, de Ridder DT, de Wit, JB. Environmental correlates of physical activity and dietary behaviors among young people: A systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev. 2011; 12(5):130-42. http://dx. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00784.x
Monteiro CA, Levy RB, Claro RM, Castro IR, Cannon G. A new classification of foods based on the extent and purpose of their processing. Cad Saúde Pública. 2010; 26(11):2039-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/ S0102-311X2010001100005
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Guia Alimentar para a população brasileira. 2a ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2014.
Glanz K, Kegler MC. Environments: Theory, research and measures of the built environment [cited 2013 Oct 6]. Available from: http://dccps.cancer.gov/brp/ constructs/environment/index.html
Cerin E, Frank LD, Sallis JF, Saelens BE, Conway TL, Chapman JE, et al. From neighborhood design and food options to residents’ weight status. Appetite. 2011; 56(3):693-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. appet.2011.02.006
Leete L, Bania N, Faíscas-Ibanga A. Congruence and coverage: Alternative approaches to identifying urban food deserts and food hinterlands. J Plan Educ Res. 2012; 32(2):204-18. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0739456X11427145
Shier V, An R, Sturm R. Is there a robust relationship between neighbourhood food environment and childhood obesity in the USA? Public Health. 2012; 126(9):723-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe. 2012.06.009
Brown AC. Understanding food: Principles and preparation. 4a ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing; 2010.
Sindicato Nacional das Empresas Distribuidoras de Combustíveis e de Lubrificantes. Combustíveis, lu brificantes e lojas de conveniência. Rio de Janeiro: Sindicom; 2014 [acesso 2014 dez 23]. Disponível em: http://www.sindicom.com.br/download/ anuario_sindicom_2014_WEB.pdf
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Elizabeth Nappi CORRÊA, Bethsáida de Abreu Soares SCHMITZ, Francisco de Assis Guedes de VASCONCELOS
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
