Food habits of hypertensive and diabetics cared for in a Primary Health Care service in the South of Brazil
Palabras clave:
Chronic disease, Primary Health Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Food habits, HypertensionResumen
Objective
Describe the eating habits of hypertensive and diabetic individuals, classify their adequacy according to the Ministry of Health’s Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and determine the association between adequate diet and the health problems under investigation.
Methods
Descriptive study from the baseline of a longitudinal study begun in 2011, with a sample of hypertensive and diabetic patients from a Primary Health Care facility in Southern Brazil, interviewed at home.
Results
A total of 2,482 people were interviewed, of which 66.5% were hypertensive, 6.5% diabetic and 27.1% suffered from hypertension and diabetes. Of those interviewed, 29.6% had inadequate eating habits, 46.9% partially inadequate and 23.4% had adequate diets. Low fiber intake was identified along with high consumptionof soda, sugar, salt and saturated fat. The most adequate diet was associated with poor health status and the prevalence of inadequate diet was 30.0% higher among those who were only hypertensive.
Conclusion
According to Ministry of Health guidelines, the eating habits of diabetic and hypertensive subjects are inadequate. The association between adequate diet and the health problems studied indicated a delayed improvement in diet, suggesting an urgent need for preventive and effective interventions to promote healthy eating.
Citas
World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2012. Geneva: WHO; 2012 [cited 2013 Mar 24]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/ 10665/44844/1/9789241564441_eng.pdf
World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of report of a joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2003.
Brasil. Plano de ações estratégicas para o enfren tamento das Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT) no Brasil, 2011-2022. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011 [acesso 2013 mar 16]. Disponível em: http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/ cartilha_dcnt_completa_portugues.pdf
Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Azevedo e Silva G, Me nezes AM, Monteiro CA, Barreto SM, et al. Chroninon-communicable diseases in Brazil: Burden and current challenges. Lancet. 2011 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 377(9781):1949-61. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21561658
Mendes EV. O cuidado das condições crônicas na atenção primária à saúde: o imperativo da conso lidação da estratégia da saúde da família. Brasília: Organizaçao Pan-Americana da Saúde; 2012.
Mendes EV. As redes de atenção à saúde Health care networks. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2010; 15(5):2297-305.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pes quisa nacional por amostra de domicílios. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010.
Olinto MTA. Padrões alimentares: análise de com ponentes principais. In: Kac G, Sichieri R, Gigante DP, editores. Epidemiologia nutricional. Rio de Ja neiro: Fiocruz; 2009. p.213-25.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Políticas de Saúde. Plano de reorganização da atenção à hipertensão arterial e ao diabetes mellitus: manual de hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2002.
Olinto MT, Gigante DP, Horta B, Silveira V, Oliveira I, Willett W. Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young Brazilian adults. Eur J Nutr. 2012 [cited 2013 Mar 17]; 51(3):281-91. Available from: http://www. pubmed central.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=33130 34&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype= abstract
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Guia alimentar para a população brasileira. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2008.
Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Critério de classificação econômica Brasil. São Paulo: Abep; 2011 [acesso 2011 dez 12]. Disponível em: www.abep.org
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Guia alimentar: como ter uma alimentação saudável. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2006.
Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exercise. 2003 35(8):1381-95.
Shayesta D, Jacek K. The CAGE questionnaire for alcohol misuse: A review of reliability and validity studies. Clin Invest Med. 2007 [cited 2013 May 14]; 30(1):33-41. Available from: http://cimonline. ca/index.php/cim /article/view/447/563
R Core Team. A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2012 [cited 2013 May 11]. Available from: http://www.r-project.org/
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Vigitel Brasil 2010. Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2011 [acesso 2012 nov 29]. Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/ publicacoes/vigitel_2010.pdf
Miller GD, Mobley C, Reeves R. Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009; 109(8):1367-75.
Levy-Costa RB, Sichieri R, Pontes NS, Monteiro CA. Disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos no Brasil: distribuição e evolução (1974-2003). Rev Saúde Pública. 2005; 39(4):530-40.
De Natale C, Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L, Mazzarella R, Costabile G, Ciano O, et al. Effects of a plant-based high-carbohydrate/high-fiber diet versus high monounsaturated fat/low-carbohydrate diet on postprandial lipids in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2009 [cited 2013 Feb 2]; 32(12):2168-73. Available from: http://www. pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid= 2782970&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
American Diabetes Association. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(Suppl. 1):S48-65.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2010. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(Suppl. 1):S11-61.
Savica V, Bellinghieri G, Kopple JD. The effect of nutrition on blood pressure. Annu Rev Nutr. 2010; 30:365-401.
Campbell NRC, Johnson JA, Campbell TS. Sodium consumption: An individual’s choice? Int J Hypertens. 2012; (2012).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: Food categories contributing the most to sodium consumption - United States, 2007-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012; 61(5):92-8.
Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A patient centered approach: Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(6):1364-79.
Bonita R, Magnusson R, Bovet P, Zhao D, Geneau R, Suh I, et al. Non-communicable diseases 2 country actions to meet UN commitments on non communicable diseases: A stepwise approach. Lancet. 2013; 381(9866):575-84.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Lena Azeredo de LIMA, Fúlvio Borges NEDEL, Maria Teresa Anselmo OLINTO, Julio BALDISSEROTTO
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
