Prejudice associated with weight images in health communication in the social networks
Palabras clave:
Health education, Social network, Social stigmaResumen
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the depiction of a fat body for health communication on the Instagram social network by the national societies governing obesity management present elements that enhance weight-related prejudice, with the slim body as a reference.
Methods
We investigated the last publication quintile, totaling 2,155 publications. A total of 72 images were included and 99 bodies were decoded. The bodies were classified according to positive and negative characteristics into four categories (body presentation, clothing, food and moving behavior) in which the negative characteristics have the potential to enhance the prejudice. The chi-square test was applied to test the difference in the proportion of bias elements associated with body weight between the fat body and the thin body.
Results
The fat body was more represented (p≤0.05 for all) headless (32.3% vs 9.2%), with bare abdomen (17.6% vs 0%), with a focus on the abdomen (11% vs 0% ), with tight clothes (32.3% vs 0%), sad expression (23.5% vs 6.1%), involved with food of low nutritional value (14.7% vs 0%) and in sedentary behavior ( 11% vs 0%) compared to the thin body.
Conclusion
National societies that govern management of obesity presented the fat body with more negative elements that enhance the prejudice associated with excess weight, which is an important public health problem.
Citas
Cahnman, WJ. The stigma of obesity. Sociol Q. 1968;9:283-99.
Pearl RL, Wadden TA, Hopkins CM, Shaw JA, Hayes MR, Bakizada ZM, et al. Association between weight bias internalization and metabolic syndrome among treatment-seeking individuals with obesity. Obesity. 2017;25(2):317-22.
Spahlholz J, Baer N, König HH, Riedel-Heller SG, Luck-Sikorski C. Obesity and discrimination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Obes Rev. 2016;17(1):43-55.
Tomiyama A, Carr D, Granberg EM, Major B, Robinson E, Sutin AR, et al. How and why weight stigma drives the obesity ‘epidemic’ and harms health. BMC Med. 2018;16:123.
Hatzenbuehler ML, Keyes KM, Hasin DS. Associations between perceived weight discrimination and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the general population. Obesity. 2009;17(11):2033-9.
Hunger JM, Tomiyama AJ. Weight labeling and obesity: a longitudinal study of girls aged 10 to 19 years. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(6):579-80.
Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Terracciano A. Weight discrimination and risk of mortality. Psychol Sci. 2015;26(11):1803-11.
Rubino F, Puhl RM, Cummings DE, Robert HE, Donna HR, Jeffrey IM, et al. Joint international consensus statement for ending stigma of obesity. Nat Med. 2020;26:485-97.
Young R, Subramanian R, Hinnant A. Stigmatizing images in obesity health campaign messages and healthy behavioral intentions. Health Educ Behav. 2016;43(4):412-19.
Puhl RM, Peterson JL, DePierre JA, Luedicke J. Headless, hungry, and unhealthy: a video content analysis of obese persons portrayed in online news. J Health Commun. 2013;18(6):686-702.
Shugart HA. Heavy viewing: emergent frames in contemporary news coverage of obesity. Health Commun. 2011;26(7):635‐648.
Yellow. Social Media Report: Part One – Consumers. Melbourne: Sensis; 2018.
Vicente, EBP, Rossini FZP, Membrive TL, Branco BHM, Bernuci MP. Instagram & saúde: análise e classificação dos posts mais relevantes sobre obesidade. Enciclopédia Biosfera. 2018;15(28):1251-260.
Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Manual de diretrizes para o enfretamento da obesidade na saúde suplementar. Rio de Janeiro: Agência; 2017 [cited 2020 Sep 10]. Available from: https://www.ans.gov.br/images/Manual_de_Diretrizes_para_o_Enfrentamento_da_Obesidade_na_Sa%C3%BAde_Suplementar_ Brasileira.pdf
Barry CL, Jarlenski M, Grob R, Schlesinger M, Gollust SE. News media framing of childhood obesity in the United States from 2000 to 2009. Pediatrics. 2011;128(1):132‐45.
Goffman E. Frame analysis: an essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1974.
Heuer CA, McCclure KJ, Puhl RM. Obesity stigma in online news: a visual content analysis. J Health Commun. 2011;16:976-87.
Skinner AC. The love song of the headless fatty and other observations. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(9):790‐91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2498
Buller MK, Andersen PA, Bettinghaus EP, Liu X, Slater MD, Henry K, et al. Randomized trial evaluating targeted photographic health communication messages in three stigmatized populations: physically-disabled, senior, and overweight/obese individuals. J Health Commun. 2018;23(10-11):886-98.
Loureiro, G. Preconceito extragrande. Rev Galileu. 2017;306:28-41.
Ambwani S, Elder S, Sniezek R, Goeltz MT, Beccia A. Do media portrayals and social consensus information impact anti-fat attitudes and support for anti-weight discrimination laws and policies? Body Image. 2021;39:248-58.
Nordsiek FW. An epidemiological approach to obesity. Am J Public Health. 1964;54:1689-98.
Twarog JP, Sonneville KR. Reducing weight stigma in the health care setting: important considerations for medical education. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(12):1178. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.2699
Brochu PM, Pearl RL, Puhl RM, Brownell KD. Do media portrayals of obesity influence support for weight-related medical policy? Health Psychol. 2014;33(2):197-200.
Stanford FC, Tauqeer Z, Kyle TK. Media and Its Influence on Obesity. Curr Obes Rep. 2018;7(2):186-92.
Bayer R. Stigma and the ethics of public health: not can we but should we. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(3):463-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.017
Rich E, Evans J. ‘Fat ethics’: the obesity discourse and body politics. Soc Theory Health. 2005;3(4):341-58. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700057
Han S, Agostini G, Brewis AA, Wutich A. Avoiding exercise mediates the effects of internalized and experienced weight stigma on physical activity in the years following bariatric surgery. BMC Obes. 2018;5:18.
Schvey NA, Puhl RM, Brownell KD. The impact of weight stigma on caloric consumption. Obesity. 2011;19(10):1957‐62.
Pearl RL. Weight Stigma and the “Quarantine-15”. Obesity. 2020;28(7):1180-81. https://doi.org/:10.1002/oby.22850
Savoy S, Boxer P. The impact of weight-biased media on weight attitudes, self-attitudes, and weight-biased behavior. Psychology of Popular Media. 2020;9(1):31.
Lee KM, Hunger JM, Tomiyama AJ. Weight stigma and health behaviors: evidence from the Eating in America Study. Int J Obes. 2021;45:1499-1509.
Alimoradi Z, Golboni F, Griffiths MD, Broström A, Lin CY, Pakpour AH. Weight-related stigma and psychological distress: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(7):2001-13.
Alberga AS, Edache IY, Forhan M, Russell-Mayhew S. Weight bias and health care utilization: a scoping review. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2019;22:20.
Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar. Vigitel Brasil 2018: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico [cited 2020 Sep 10]. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2018. Avaiable from: http://www.portalarquivos2.saude.gov.br
Bennett BL, Wagner AF, Obleada KT, Latner JD. Appearance-focused media use as a moderator of the relationship between fear of fat and weight bias: an exploratory study. Eat Weight Disord. 2020;25(3):643-48.
Horn F, Jongenelis MI. Outcomes of exposure to healthy weight and lifestyle advertising: An experimental study of adults from the United Kingdom. Prev Med Rep. 2021;25:101679.
Sharma AM, Ramos Salas X. Obesity prevention and management strategies in Canada: shifting paradigms and putting people first. Curr Obes Rep. 2018;7(2):89-96.
Kirk SF, Forhan M, Yusuf J, Chance A, Burke K, Blinn N, et al. Russell-Mayhew S. Mapping changes in the obesity stigma discourse through Obesity Canada: a content analysis. AIMS Public Health. 2021;9(1):41-52.
Clark O, Lee MM, Jingree ML, O’Dwyer E, Yue Y, Marrero A, et al. Weight stigma and social media: evidence and public health solutions. Front Nutr. 2021;8:739056.
Puhl RM. Weight stigma, policy initiatives, and harnessing social media to elevate activism. Body Image. 2021;40:131-37.
Puhl RM, Lessard LM, Pearl RL, Grupski A, Foster GD. Policies to address weight discrimination and bullying: perspectives of adults engaged in weight management from six nations. Obesity. 2021;29(11):1787-98.
Ramos Salas X, Alberga AS, Cameron E, Estey L, Forhan M, Kirk SFL, et al. Addressing weight bias and discrimination: moving beyond raising awareness to creating change. Obes Rev. 2017;18(11):1323-35.
Ramos Salas X, Alberga AS, Cameron E, Estey L, Forhan M, Kirk SFL, et al. Addressing weight bias and discrimination: moving beyond raising awareness to creating change. Obes Rev. 2017;18(11):1323-35.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Pabyle Alves FLAUZINO, Yuri Alberto FREIRE, Ingridy Ruana Marques MONTEIRO, Sara Costa Martins Rodrigues SOARES, Antonio Augusto Ferreira CARIOCA
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
