Fatty acids as biological markers of fat intake
Keywords:
fatty acids, diet, lipids, biological markers, adipose tissueAbstract
Dietary fatty acids have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. The methods commonly
used in dietary assessment for estimating nutrient intake in clinical and epidemiological studies present
limitations regarding data collection. The use of plasma and adipose tissue fatty acid composition as markers
of the type of fat ingested has been studied and can provide a more accurate measurement of dietary fat
intake. The aim of this study is to evidence the metabolic aspects of some fatty acids and their role as markers
of dietary fat intake, and to present the analytical methods used in their determination. Analysis of the fatty
acid composition of adipose tissue provides long-term information on dietary fat intake, whereas the determination of the fatty acid composition of serum lipid fractions accounts for the short- and medium-term
dietary intakes. The essential fatty acids, the saturated fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms (15:0
and 17:0) and the trans fatty acids are used as biological markers of dietary fat intake or of these individual
components, since they are not synthesized endogenously. Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid
chromatography are the main analytical methods used to determine fatty acid composition. At present, the
most comprehensive evaluation of dietary fat intake comprises the determination of biological markers in
association with dietary assessment methods.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Juliana dos Santos VAZ, Fabíola DEBONI, Mirela Jobim de AZEVEDO, Jorge Luiz GROSS, Themis ZELMANOVITZ
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