Prevalence of prediabetes in adults and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional, metabolic and mental disorders factors
Home Health Survey, Piauí, Brazil.
Keywords:
Adult, Prediabetic state, Risk factorsAbstract
Objective
To estimate prevalence of prediabetes and to investigate its associated factors in adults living in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
Methods
Cross-sectional, home-based study, with both genders adults in Teresina, Piauí. The prevalence of prediabetes was estimated using the fasting glucose test, and was classified according to the American Diabetes Association standards (≥100mg/dL; <126mg/dL). The associations between prediabetes and the variables: sociodemographic, anthropometric, food consumption, blood pressure levels, triglycerides and common mental disorders were tested. In addition, a variable was created to verify the association of the simultaneous presence of risk factors in the same individual. Data were reviewed using Pearson’s chi-square test and Poisson regression for crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, considering a significance level of 5%.
Results
A total of 224 adults participated in the study, of which 154 (68.7%) were female, aged between 20 and 39 years (53.1%). An 8.04% prevalence of prediabetes was observed. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between lower education (0 to 8 years of study; 17.3%) and increased triglycerides levels (≥150mg/dL; 13.7%). Higher gross prevalence (PR: 2.53; CI 95%: 1.05-6.05) prediabetes ratios were observed with 5 or more simultaneous risk factors when compared to individuals who had up to 4 simultaneous risk factors.
Conclusion
Low schooling, hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of five or more simultaneous risk factors were associated with prediabetes; however, these risk factors are subject to intervention. Therefore, this study points to the need for changes in lifestyle habits as a strategy for glycemic control and diabetes prevention.
References
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(1):S1193.
Vas PRJ, Alberti KG, Edmonds ME. Prediabetes: moving away from a glucocentric definition. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;5(11):8489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S22138587(17)302346
Beulens J, Rutters F, Rydén L, Schnell O, Mellbin L, Hart HE, et al. Risk and management of prediabetes. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(2):4754. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319880041
American Diabetes Association. Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes 2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(1):S326. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20S003
Iser BPM, Pinheiro PC, Malta DC, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI. Prevalência de pré-diabetes e hiperglicemia intermediária em adultos e fatores associados, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Cien Saude Colet. 2021;26(2):531540. https://doi.or g/10.1590/141381232021262.34852020
Arrais KR, Castro AGS, Alves MMS, Vieira IRL, Coelho BRB, Monteiro AKC, et al. Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus em Teresina, Piauí. J Nurs Health. 2020;10(3):e20103009. https://doi.org/10.15210/ jonah.v10i3.19019
Mendes Lúcio MC, Reis JS, Moreira AD, Horta Murta TG, Rosário PW. Factors associated to type 2 diabetes among employees of a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Rev Bras Med Trab. 2020;17(3):292-9. https://doi. org/10.5327/Z1679443520190395
Szwarcwald CL, Malta DC, Pereira CA, Vieira MLFP, Conde WL, Souza Junior PRB, et al. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde no Brasil: concepção e metodologia de aplicação. Cien Saude Colet. 2014;19(2):33342. https://doi.org/10.1590/14 1381232014192.14072012
Lavôr LCDC, Sousa RRD, Rodrigues LARL, Rodrigues ODS, Paiva ADA, Frota KDMG. Prevalence of arterial hypertension and associated factors: a population-based study. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2020;66(5):630636. https:// doi.org/10.1590/18069282.66.5.630
COVID-19 Mental Disorders Collaborators. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021;398(10312):1700-12. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7
Geraets AFJ, Köhler S, Muzambi R, Schalkwijk CG, Oenema A, Eussen SJPM, et al. The association of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up: the Maastricht Study. Diabetologia. 2020;63(11):2315-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05247-9
Rodrigues LARL, Silva DMC, Oliveira EAR, Lavôr LCC, Sousa RR, Carvalho RBN, et al. Plano de observação e aspectos metodológicos: inquérito de saúde domiciliar no Piauí. Rev Saude Publica. 2021;55:118. https://doi.org/10.11606/ s1518-8787.2021055003441
Fisberg RM, Marchioni DML. Manual de Avaliação do Consumo Alimentar em estudos populacionais: a experiência do inquérito de saúde em São Paulo (ISA). São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Púbica da Universidade de São Paulo; 2012.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013: acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde, acidentes e violências: Brasil, grandes regiões e unidades da federação/IBGE, Coordenação de Trabalho e Rendimento. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto; 2015.
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Norma Técnica do Sistema de Vigilância alimentar e nutricional SISVAN: orientações para a coleta e análise de dados antropométricos em serviços de saúde. Brasília: Ministério; 2011.
World Health Organization. Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneve: Organization; 2008.
Malachias MVB, Souza WKSB, Plavnik FL, Rodrigues CIS, Brandão AA, Neves MFT, et al. 7ª Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial: capítulo 2 diagnóstico e classificação. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016;107:0713.
Faludi, AA. Atualização da diretriz brasileira de dislipidemias e prevenção da aterosclerose–2017. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109:1-76.
World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation Geneve: Organization; 2003.
Beusenberg M, Orley J. A user’s guide to the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). Geneve: World Heal Organ; 1994.
Gonçalves DM, Stein AT, Kapczinski F. Avaliação de desempenho do Self-Reporting Questionnaire como instrumento de rastreamento psiquiátrico: um estudo comparativo com o Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24:380-90. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000200017
Moreira NCV, Montenegro RM, Meyer HE, Bhowmik B, Mdala I, Siddiquee T, et al. Glycated Hemoglobin in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in a Semi Urban Brazilian Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(19):3598. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193598
Junker K, Buckley CM, Millar SR, Flynn S, Harrington JM, Kearney PM, et al. The prevalence and correlates ofpre-diabetes in middle- to older-aged Irish adults using three diagnostic methods. Plos One. 2021;16(6):e0253537. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253537
Andes LJ, Cheng YJ, Rolka DB, Gregg EW, Imperatore G. Prevalence of prediabetes among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2005-2016. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(2):e194498. http://doi.org/10.1001/ jamapediatrics.2019.4498
Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Selvin E. Prediabetes and what it means: the epidemiological evidence. Annu Rev Public Health. 2021;1(42):59-77. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurevpublhealth-090419-102644
Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas Committee. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. diabres.2019.107843
Espanhol FZ, Cássia, RSM, Silvano GP, Manoel AL, Silveira LR, Schuelter-Trevisol F, et al. Prevalência de pré-diabetes em idosos: um estudo de base populacional. Scientia Medica. 2016;26(4):25246. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980- 6108.2016.4.25246
Agardh E, Allebeck P, Hallqvist J, Moradi T, Sidorchuk A. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):804-18. https://doi.org /10.1093/ije/dyr029
Moraes HABD, Mengue SS, Molina MDCB, Cade NV. Fatores associados ao controle glicêmico em amostra de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto, Brasil, 2008 a 2010. Epidemiol Serv Saude. 2020;29(3):2020. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000300017
Herman WH, Cohen RM. Racial and ethnic differences in the relationship between HbA1c and blood glucose: implications for the diagnosis of diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(4):1067-72. https://doi.org/10.1210/ jc.2011-1894
Wu C, Yu P, Sun R. Adipose tissue and age dependent insulin resistance: new insights into WAT browning (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2021;47(5):71. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4904
Freeman AM, Pennings N. Insulin Resistance. 2021 Jul 10. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2022.
Rossaneis MA, Andrade SMD, Gvozd R, Pissinati PDSC, Haddad MDCL. Fatores associados ao controle glicêmico de pessoas com diabetes mellitus. Cienc Saude Colet. 2019;24(3):9971005. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413812320182 43.02022017
Rajpal A, Rahimi L, Ismail Beigi F. Factors leading to high morbidity and mortality of COVID19 in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes. 2020;12(12):895908. https://doi.org/10.1111/17530407
Vlachos D, Malisova S, Lindberg FA, Karaniki G. Glycemic Index (GI) or Glycemic Load (GL) and dietary interventions for optimizing postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with T2 diabetes: a review. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1561. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061561
Paulitsch RG, Dumith SC, Susin, LRO. Simultaneidade de fatores de risco comportamentais para doença cardiovascular em estudantes universitários. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017;20(4):624-35. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980- 5497201700040006
Hirschmann R, Bortolotto CC, Martins-Silva T, Machado AKF, Xavier MO, Fernandes MP, et al. Simultaneidade de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em população rural de um município no sul do Brasil. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020;23:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200066
Malta DC, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Machado ÍE, Silva AGD, Bernal RTI, et al. Prevalência de diabetes mellitus determinada pela hemoglobina glicada na população adulta brasileira, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2019;22(2):e190006. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980549720190006.supl.2
La Sala L, Pontiroli AE. Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(21):e8178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218178
La Sala L, Prattichizzo F, Ceriello A. The link between diabetes and atherosclerosis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26:e1524. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319878373
Flores YN, Toth S, Crespi CM, Ramírez Palacios P, McCarthy WJ, Briseño Pérez A, et al. Risk of developing prediabetes or diabetes over time in a cohort of Mexican health workers. Plos One. 2020;15(3):e0229403. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0229403
Lord J, Roberson S, Odoi A. Investigation of geographic disparities of prediabetes and diabetes in Florida. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889020093112
Sartorius N. Depression and diabetes. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2018;20(1):47-52. https://doi.org/10.31887/ DCNS.2018.20.1/nsartorius
van Dijk SEM, Pols AD, Adriaanse MC, van Marwijk HWJ, van Tulder MW, Bosmans JE. Cost-effectiveness of a stepped care program to prevent depression among primary care patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and/or coronary heart disease and subthreshold depression in comparison with usual care. BMC Psychiatry. 13;21(1):e402. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03367-z
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Carlos Henrique Ribeiro LIMA, Suzana Maria Rebêlo Sampaio DA PAZ, Layanne Cristina de Carvalho LAVÔR, Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves FROTA, Adriana de Azevedo PAIVA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
