Coexistence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age in the Northeast region of Brazil
Keywords:
Anemia, Vitamin A deficiency, WomenAbstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between anemia and vitamin A deficiency in women of childbearing age in Pernambuco, a state in the Brazilian Northeast.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted making a secondary database analysis of “The Third State Survey on Health and Nutrition” done from May to September 2006. Data were collected from 761 women of childbearing age (10-49 years).
Results
The simultaneous occurrence of the two deficiencies was found in only seven women (0.9%). The prevalence of anemia was of 15.1%, and of vitamin A deficiency, 8.2%. There was no association between the two conditions (p=0.380), although a positive correlation was found between retinol levels and hemoglobin concentration (r=0.13).
Conclusion
Anemia and vitamin A deficiency did not coexist. Anemia was considered a mild public health problem, while vitamin A deficiency was not considered an epidemiological problem.
References
Darnton-Hill I, Webb P, Harvey PW, Hunt JM, Dalmiya N, Chopra M, et al. Micronutrient deficiencies and gender: Social and economic costs. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 81(5): 1198S-1205S. Available from: <http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/81/5/1198S.full.pdf+html>.
United Nation Standing Committee of Nutrition. Nutrition for improved development outcomes. Proceeding of the 5th Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Chapter 1. Geneva: SCN; 2004 [cited 2011 Feb 10]. Available from: <http://www.unscn.org/layout/modules/resources/files/rwns5.pdf>.
Diaz JR, de las Cagigas A, Rodriguez R. Micronutrient deficiencies in developing and affluent countries. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57(Suppl 1):S70-S2. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601820.
Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A, Vander Hoorn S, Murray CJ. Comparative risk assessment collaborating group. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet. 2002; 360(9343):1347-60. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031.
Milagres RC, Nunes LC, Pinheiro-Sant’Ana HM. Vitamin A deficiency among children in Brazil and worldwide. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2007; 12(5):1253-66. doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232007000500023.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Mulher e da Criança. PNDS 2006: dimensões do processo reprodutivo e da saúde da mulher. Brasília: MS; 2008 [cited 2010 mar 4]. Available from <http://www.saude.gov.br/pnds2006>.
World Health Organization. Global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in populations at risk 1995-2005. WHO Global database on vitamin A deficiency. Geneva: WHO; 2009 [cited 2010 May 15]. Available from: <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598019_eng.pdf>.
World Health Organization. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. WHO global database on anaemia. Geneva: WHO; 2008 [cited 2010 May 15]. Available from <http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596657_eng.pdf>.
Semba RD, Bloem MW. The anemia of vitamin A deficiency: Epidemiology and pathogenesis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002; 56(4):271-81. doi: 10.1038/sj/ejcn/1601320.
Roodenburg AJC, West CE, Hovenier R, Beynen AC. Evaluation of a two-generation rat model for vitamin A deficiency and the interrelationship with iron metabolism. Br J Nutr. 1995; 74(5):689-700. doi: 10.1079/BJN19950172.
Sure B, Kik M, Walker D. The effect of avitaminosis on hematopoietic function: I. Vitamin A deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1929 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 83:375-85. Available from: <http://www.jbc.org/content/83/2/375.full.pdf+html>.
Hodges RR, Sauberlich HE, Canham JE, Wallace DL, Rucker RB, Mejia LA, et al. Hematopoietic studies in vitamin A deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 31:876-85. Available from: <http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/31/5/876.long>.
World Health Organization. Preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in populations affected by an emergency. Geneva: WHO; 2007 [cited 2013 Feb 28]. Available from: <http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/WHO_WFP_UNICEFstatement.pdf>.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria n° 730, 13 de maio 2005. Programa nacional de suplementação ferro destinado a prevenir a anemia ferropriva e dá outra providências. Brasilia: MS; 2005 [acesso 2013 fev 28]. Disponível em: <http://dtr2001.saude.gov.br/sas/PORTARIAS/Port2005/GM/GM-730.htm>.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria n° 729, 13 de maio 2005. Programa nacional de suplementação de vitamina A e de outras providencias. Brasília: MS; 2005 [acesso 2013 fev 28]. Disponível em: <http://dtr2001.saude.gov.br/sas/PORTARIAS/Port2005/GM/GM-729.htm>.
Santos EN, Velarde LGC, Ferreira VA. Associação entre deficiência de vitamina A e variáveis socioeconômicas, nutricionais e obstétricas em gestantes. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2010; 15(Supl 1):1021-30. doi: 10.1590/S1413-81232010000700008.
Batista-Filho M, Coordenador. III Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição Pernanbuco, 2006 DN/UFPE IMIP SES-PE: situação alimentar, nutricional e de saúde do Estado de Pernambuco: contexto socioeconômico e de serviços: síntese dos resultados. Recife: UFP; 2008 [acesso 2010 set 3]. Disponível em: <http://pesnpe2006.blogspot.com.br/2008/09/apresentao-da-pesquisa.html>.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. PNADPesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios: segurança alimentar. Brasília: IBGE; 2009 [acesso 2010 set 3]. Disponível em: <http://www.ibge.gov.br/estadosat/perfil.php>.
Programa das Nações Unidas para Desenvolvimento. Índice de desenvolvimento humano. Brasília: PNUD; 2010 [acesso 2010 set 3]. Disponível em: <http://www.pnud.org.br>.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Population Censures. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2000. [acesso 2010 set 3]. Disponível em: <http://www.ibge.gov.br/english>.
Sommer A, Davidson FR. Assessment and control of vitamin a deficiency: The Annecy Accords. J Nutr. 2002 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 132(9 Suppl):2845S-2850S. Available from: <http://jn.nutrition.org/content/132/9/2845S.long>.
Furr HC, Clifford AJ, Jones AD. Analysis of apocarotenoids and retinoids by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods Enzymol. 1992; 213:281-90.
Silva S, Batista-Filho M, Miglioni T. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among women and their children in the State of Pernambuco. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2008; 11(2):266-277. doi: 10.1590/S1415-790X2008000200008.
Fabian C, Olinto MT, Dias-da-Costa JS, Bairros F, Nácul LC. Anemia prevalence and associated factors among adult women in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2007; 23(5): 1199-205. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2007000500021.
Dreyfuss ML, Stoltzfus RJ, Shrestha JB, Pradhan EK, LeClerq SC, Khatry SK, et al. Hookworms, malaria and vitamin A deficiency contribute to anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant women in the plains of Nepal. J Nutr. 2000 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 130(10):2527-36. Available from: <http://jn.nutrition.org/content/130/10/2527.long>.
Zimmermann MB, Biebinger R, Rohner F, Dib A, Zeder C, Hurrell RF, et al. Vitamin A supplementation in children with poor vitamin A and iron status increases erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations without changing total body iron. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 84(3): 580-6. Available from: <http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/84/3/580.long>.
Batista-Filho M, Rissin A. Nutritional transition in Brazil: Geographic and temporal trends. Cad Saúde Pública. 2003; 19(Suppl 1):s181-91. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2003000700019.
Chagas CB, Ramalho A, Padilha PC, Libera BD, Saunders C. Reduction of vitamin A deficiency and anemia in pregnancy after implementing proposed prenatal nutritional assistance. Nutr Hosp. 2011; 26(4):843-50. doi: 10.3305/nh.2011.26.4.5053.
Khatib IM, Samrah SM, Zghol FM. Nutritional interventions in refugee camps on Jordan’s eastern border: Assessment of status of vulnerable groups. East Mediterr Health J. 2010 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 16(2):187-93. Available from: <http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/V16/02/16_2_2010_0187_0193.pdf>.
Angeles-Agdeppa I, Schultink W, Sastroamidjojo S, Gross R, Karyadi D. Weekly micronutrient supplementation to build iron stores in female Indonesian adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 [acesso 2013 Feb 28]; 66(1):177-83. Available from: <http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/66/1/177.long>.
Bloem MW. Interdependence of vitamin A and iron: An important association for programmes of anaemia control. Proc Nutr Soc. 1995; 54(2):501-8. doi: 10.1079/PNS19950018.
Amine EK, Corey J, Hegsted DM, Hayes KC. Comparative hematology during deficiencies of iron and vitamin A in the rat. J Nutr. 1970 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 100(9):1033-40. Available from: <http://jn.nutrition.org/content/100/9/1033.short>.
Suharno D, West CE, Muhilal, Logman MH, Waart FG, Karyadi D, et al. Cross-sectional study on the iron and vitamin A status of pregnant women in West Java, Indonesia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 [cited 2013 Feb 28]; 56(6):988-93. Available from: <http://idpas.org/pdf/353supplementationwithvitaminAandIron.pdf>.
Zimmermann MB, Hurrell R. Nutritional iron deficiency. Lancet. 2007; 370(9586):511-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61235-5.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Manuela Hazin COSTA, Ariani Impieri de SOUZA, Maria Cynthia BRAGA, Malaquias BATISTA FILHO
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
