Nutritional assessment of Esmeraldan adult population (Ecuador)
Keywords:
Anthropometry, Nutrition, Recomended Dietary AllowancesAbstract
Objective
To analyse the nutritional status of the adult population in Esmeraldas by means of anthropometric measurements, the input of macro and micronutrients in the diet, and the adequacy estimation of nutrient intake by hispanic Dietary Reference Instakes along with the sex and the age influence.
Methods
Nutrient intake data were obtained by personal interview with the application of two 24 hour recalls (weekend and weekday). The anthropometric indicators analysed were body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure. Nutriplato version 2.0 software was used for the two 24-hours food recall surveys data processing, and for the respective calculations of macronutrients, micronutrients and Dietary Reference Intakes. Means and standard deviations were calculated for anthropometry, nutrient intakes and Dietary Reference Instakes. The General Linear Model was applied to identify differences in relation to nutrient intakes considering sex, profession, body mass index, group, origin and day of the week as factors.
Results
Statistical analysis showed significant differences mainly in carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, iodine, and vitamin E. Dietary intakes were compared with the Federación Española de Sociedades de Nutrición, Alimentación y Dietética Dietary Reference Intakes requirements and calcium, potassium, iodine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin D, vitamin E, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids are below the Dietary Reference Instakes in all ages and gender subgroups. The anthropometric results obtained indicated that 67.0% of the population were overweight and obese, the 87.7% of the adults suffered from prehypertension and the waist circumference indicated that 73.0% of the subjects were established in the
range of high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion
Priority nutrition actions and interventions are needed to be developed in Esmeraldas adult population.
References
Popkin BM. Global nutrition dynamics: The world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with noncommunicable diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(2):289-98.
Sánchez-Llaguno SN, Neira-Mosquera JA, Perez-Rodriguez F, Moreno Rojas R. Preliminary nutritional assessment of the Ecuadorian diet based on a 24-h food recall survey in Ecuador. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(5):1646-56.
Neira-Mosquera JA, Pérez-Rodríguez F, SánchezLlaguno S, Moreno Rojas R. Study on the mortality in Ecuador related to dietary factors. Nutr Hosp. 2013;28(5):1732-40.
Freire WB, Ramírez-Luzuriaga MJ, Belmont P, Mendieta MJ, Silva-Jaramillo K, Romero N, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición, Tomo 1. Quito: Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador; 2014 [2015 Mayo 2]. Disponible en: http://www.salud.gob.ec/encuesta-nacional-de-salud-ynutricion-ensanut/
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Diabetes y enfermedades hipertensivas entre las principales causas de muerte en el 2013. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos; 2013 [2015 Mayo 2]. Disponible en: http://www.ecuadorencifras.
gob.ec/diabetes-y-enfermedades-hipertensivasentre-las-principales-causas-de-muerte-enel-2013
Moreno González MI. Circunferencia de cintura: una medición importante y útil del riesgo cardiometabólico. Rev Chil Cardiol. 2010;29(1):85-7
Zimmet P, Alberti G, Shaw J. Una nueva definición mundial del síndrome metabólico propuesta por la Federación Internacional de Diabetes: fundamento y resultados. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2005;50(3):31-3.
Cuervo M, Federación Española de Sociedades de Nutrición A y D. Ingestas Dietéticas de Referencia (IDR) para la población española. Pamplona: Eunsa; 2010.
Dehghan M, López Jaramillo P, Dueñas R, Anaya LL, Garcia RG, Zhang X, et al. Development and validation of a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire among rural- and urban-dwelling adults in Colombia. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2012; 44(6):609-13.
Zimmermann M, Hurrell R. Nutritional iron deficiency. Lancet. 2007;370(9586):511-20.
Gallagher D, Visser M, Spúlveda D, Pierson RN, Harris T, Heymsfield SB. How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups? Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(3):228-39.
World Healh Organization. Obesity and overweight. Geneva: WHO; 2015 [2015 May 2]. Available from:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, Field AE, Colditz G, Dietz WH. The disease Burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA. 1999;282(16):1523-9.
World Health Organization. Global health risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: WHO; 2009.
Weber MA, Schiffrin EL, White WB, Mann S, Lindholm LH, Kenerson JG, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community: A Statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2014;16(1):14-26.
Mackay J, Mensah G. The atlas of heart disease and stroke. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
Liu S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB, Rosner B, Colditz G. Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fiber and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(5):920-27.
Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(2):348-56.
Eric B, Rimm, SD. Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. JAMA. 1996;275(6):447-51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530300031036
Gil A. Tratado de nutrición: Tomo 1. Bases fisiológicas y bioquímicas de la nutrición. 2ª ed. Madrid: Médica Panamericana; 2010.
González-Rodríguez L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E. Situación en vitamina D y estrategias para alcanzar las ingestas recomendadas. Nutr Hosp. 2014;30(Supl.2):39-46.
De Benoist B, World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.). Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993–2005 of WHO Global Database of anaemia. Geneva: WHO; 2008 [2015 May 20]. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596657_eng.pdf
Lynch SR. Why nutritional iron deficiency persists as a worldwide problem. J Nutr. 2011;141(4):763S-8S.
World Health Organization. Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva: WHO; 2012[2015 May 20]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77985/1/9789241504836_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=125. He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. In: The Cochrane Collaboration, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2004. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD004937
World Health Organization, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, editors. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
Sumar S, Ismail H. Iodine in food and health. Nutr Food Sci. 1997;97(5):175-83.
Maggini S, Alaman MGP, Wintergerst ES. B-vitamins and cognitive function-what is the evidence? Nutr Hosp. 2009;1(24):74-81.
Mattson FH, Grundy SM. Comparison of effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man. J Lipid Res. 1985;26(2):194-202.
Colquhoun DM, Moores D, Somerset SM, Humphries JA. Comparison of the effects on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids, enriched with avocado, and a high-carbohydrate diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56(4):671-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sonia MATEOS-MARCOS, María Pilar VILLENA-ESPONERA, Rafael MORENO-ROJAS
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
