Breakfast irregularity among Brazilian adolescents
coexistence with other risk behaviors and associated factors
Keywords:
Adolescent nutrition, Breakfast, Feeding behavior, Nutrition surveys, Risk factorsAbstract
Objective
To assess the prevalence of breakfast irregularity among Brazilian adolescents and its cooccurrence with other risk behaviors.
Methods
Cross-sectional study based on data from the National School Health Survey, 2019. Breakfast irregularity (≤4 days/week) was the dependent variable, whose co-occurrence with excessive screen time (>3h/day), regular consumption of sugar-rich foods (≥5 days/week), and irregular consumption of fruit, greenery, and beans (FV - ≤4 days/week) was investigated. The Chi-Square and Multiple Logistic Regression tests were used to analyze the factors associated with breakfast irregularity and its co-occurrence (p<0.05).
Results
Approximately 40.7% of adolescents reported breakfast irregularity. The four risk behaviors coexisted in 8.1% of students, with 86.0% higher likelihood of co-occurrence among girls. The most frequent combination of three risk behaviors included excessive screen time, irregular fruit and greenery consumption, and irregular breakfast (8.9%).
Conclusion
Four in every ten adolescents ate breakfast irregularly, with a marked coexistence with other risky behaviors, especially among girls. It is, therefore, essential to encourage, propose, and implement intervention strategies based on multicomponent approaches, with multi-professional and intersectoral support, to achieve greater effectiveness.
Downloads
References
Organização Mundial da Saúde. Saúde para os adolescentes do mundo: uma segunda chance na segunda década: resumo. Genebra: Organização Mundial de Saúde; 2014 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/141455
Organização Pan-americana da Saúde. Ação Global Acelerada para a Saúde de Adolescentes (AA-HA!): Guia de Orientação para apoiar a implementação pelos países [resumo]. Brasília: Organização PanAmericana da Saúde; 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. doi: https://doi.org/10.37774/9789275719985
Gascoyne C, Scully M, Wakefield M, Morley B. Food and drink marketing on social media and dietary intake in Australian adolescents: findings from a cross-sectional survey. Appetite. 2021;166:105431. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105431
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Fascículo 5: protocolos de uso do guia alimentar para a população brasileira na orientação alimentar da pessoa na adolescência. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/portaldab/publicacoes/protocolo_guia_alimentar_fasciculo5.pdf
Cândido ACO, Neves FS, Faria ER, Netto MP, Oliveira RMS, Cândido APC. Factors associated with nonfrequent breakfast consumption in adolescents (EVA-JF Study). Rev Nutr. 2022;35:e210166. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202235e210166
Santos PA, Rodrigues PRM, Moreira NF, Muraro AP. Omissão do café da manhã entre adolescentes brasileiros: resultados da PeNSE 2012 e 2015. Cad Saúde Coletiva. 2023;31(4): e31040042. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-462X202331040042
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Guia alimentar para a população brasileira. 2nd ed. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2014 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/saude-brasil/publicacoes-para-promocao-asaude/guia_alimentar_populacao_brasileira_2ed.pdf/view
Forkert ECO, Moraes ACF, Carvalho HB, Manios Y, Widhalm K, González-Gross M, et al. Skipping breakfast is associated with adiposity markers especially when sleep time is adequate in adolescents. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):6380. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42859-7
Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Departamento Científico de Nutrologia. Manual de Alimentação: orientações para alimentação do lactente ao adolescente, na escola, na gestante, na prevenção de doenças e segurança alimentar. 4th ed. São Paulo: SBP; 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://dspace.unisa.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/4e766125-bbf5-40b0-8e6f-de8b979df889/content
Ferreira NL, Claro RM, Mingoti SA, Lopes ACS. Coexistence of risk behaviors for being overweight among Brazilian adolescents. Prev Med. 2017100:135-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.04.018
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar: 2019. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?view=detalhes&id=2101852
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar: 2015. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2015 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?view=detalhes&id=297870
Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Manual de Orientação: menos telas mais saúde. Rio de Janeiro: SBP; 2019.
Cai H, Chen H, Yi T, Daimon CM, Boyle JP, Peers C, et al. VennPlex–a novel Venn diagram program for comparing and visualizing datasets with differentially regulated datapoints. Plos One. 2013;8:e53388. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053388
O’Neil A, Quirk SE, Housden S, Brennan SL, Williams LJ, Pasco JA, et al. Relationship between diet and mental health in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(10):e31-42. doi: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302110
Afeiche MC, Taillie LS, Hopkins S, Eldridge AL, Popkin BM. Breakfast Dietary Patterns among Mexican Children Are Related to Total-Day Diet Quality. J Nutr. 2017;147(3):404-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.239780
Monteiro LS, Souza AM, Hassan BK, Estima CC, Sichieri R, Pereira RA. Consumo de café da manhã entre adolescentes brasileiros: análise do Inquérito Alimentar Nacional 2008-2009. Rev Nutr 2017;30(4):463-76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000400006
Barufaldi LA, Abreu GZ, Oliveira JS, Santos DF, Fujimori E, Vasconcelos SML, et al. ERICA: Prevalence of healthy eating habits among Brazilian adolescents. Rev Saúde Publica. 2016;50(suppl 1):6s. https://doi.org/10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006678
Inchley J, Currie D, Budisavljevic S, Torsheim T, Jåstad A, Cosma A, et al. Spotlight on adolescent health and well-being. Findings from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and Canada. International report. Key Findings. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/9789289055000
Pedersen TP, Holstein BE, Flachs EM, Rasmussen M. Meal frequencies in early adolescence predict meal frequencies in late adolescence and early adulthood. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:445. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-445
Terry AL, Wambogo E, Ansari N, Ahluwalia N. Breakfast intake among children and adolescents: United States, 2015-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2020;(386):1-8 [cited 2023 Jul 11]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db386-H.pdf
Silva RMA, Andrade ACS, Caiaffa WT, Bezerra VM. Coexistência de comportamentos de risco à saúde e o contexto familiar entre adolescentes brasileiros, Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (2015). Rev bras Epidemiol. 2021;24:e210023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210023
Locatelli NT, Canella DS, Bandoni DH. Fatores associados ao consumo da alimentação escolar por adolescentes no Brasil: resultados da PeNSE 2012. Cad Saúde Pública. 2017;33(4):e00183615. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00183615
Tavares LF, Castro IRR, Levy RB, Cardoso LO, Claro RM. Padrões alimentares de adolescentes brasileiros: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). Cad Saúde Pública. 2014;30(12):1-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00016814
Martins BG, Ricardo CZ, Machado PP, Rauber F, Azeredo CM, Levy RB. Fazer refeições com os pais está associado à maior qualidade da alimentação de adolescentes brasileiros. Cad Saúde Pública. 2019;35(7):e00153918. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00153918
Cesar JT, Valentim EA, Almeida CC, Schieferdecker MEM, Schmidt ST. Alimentação Escolar no Brasil e Estados Unidos: uma revisão integrativa. Ciên Saúde Coletiva. 2016; 23(3):991-1007. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018233.01582016
Honório OS, Rocha LL, Fortes MIM, Carmo AS, Cunha CF, Oliveira TRPR, et al. Consumption of school meals provided by PNAE among Brazilian public school adolescents. Rev Chil Nutr. 2020;47(5):765-71. doi: http://dx.d oi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182020000500765
Silva EO, Amparo-Santos L, Soares MD. Alimentação escolar e constituição de identidades dos escolares: da merenda para pobres ao direito à alimentação. Cad Saúde Pública. 2018;34(4):e00142617. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00142617
Carmo AS, Assis MM, Cunha CF, Oliveira TRPR, Mendes LL. O ambiente alimentar de escolas públicas e privadas brasileiras. Cad Saúde Pública. 2018;34(12): e00014918. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00014918
Pearson N, Ball K, Crawford D. Mediators of longitudinal associations between television viewing and eating behaviours in adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-23
Simões AM, Machado CO, Höfelmann DA. Associação do consumo regular de café da manhã e comportamentos relacionados à saúde em adolescentes. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2021;26(6):2243-51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021266.15042019
Maia EG, Silva LES, Santos MAS, Barufaldi LA, Silva SU, Claro RM. Padrões alimentares, características sociodemográficas e comportamentais entre adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2018;21(suppl 1):e180009. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720180009.supl.1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Aline Cristina Resende, Ana Luiza Pereira Souza, Hemily Lopes Menezes Silverio, Luana Lara Rocha, Nathália Luíza Ferreira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
