Prevalence of inadequacy and associated indicators with mineral intake in Brazilian adolescents and young adults
Keywords:
Eating intake, Epidemiology, Public health, YouthAbstract
Objective
To describe the prevalence of inadequate mineral intake and associated factors with calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, and sodium intakes in individuals aged 15-24.9 years.
Methods
We analyzed 476 individuals from the Brazilian Study of Nutrition and Health, stratified into two age groups (adolescents aged 15-18.9 years and young adults aged 19-24.9 years). Mineral intake was obtained from two 24-hour Dietary Recalls. The values of the Estimated Average Requirement and the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels were considered to calculate the prevalence of inadequacy. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine associated factors with mineral intake.
Results
Calcium and magnesium had the highest prevalence of inadequacy (>83%) in both sexes and age groups. Sodium intake was above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for the majority of the population studied (>68%). The intake of all minerals was different between the sexes for the two age groups (p<0.01), and it was not different between age groups (p>0.05). The associated factors with mineral intake were sex (calcium, iron, phosphorus, and sodium), age group (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and sodium), and physical activity (calcium, iron, and magnesium), followed by socioeconomic level (zinc and sodium) and body weight status (iron and sodium).
Conclusion
The expressive portion of the studied population is at nutritional risk for calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Such data can contribute to the national public policy revision that is related to micronutrient intake and the adoption of healthier habits by adolescents and young adults.
References
Winpenny EM, Penney TL, Corder K, White M, Van Sluijs EM. Change in diet in the period from adolescence to early adulthood: a systematic scoping review of longitudinal studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(60):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0518-7
Patnode CD, Evans CV, Senger CA, Redmond N, Lin JS. Behavioral counseling to promote a healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults without known cardiovascular disease risk factors: updated evidence report and systematic review for the us preventive services task force. JAMA. 2017;318(2):175-93. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.3303
Cuenca-García M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, González-Gross M, Labayen I, Jago R, et al. Combined influence of healthy diet and active lifestyle on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(3):553-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12022
Das JK, Salam RA, Thornburg KL, Prentice AM, Campisi S, Lassi ZS, et al. Nutrition in adolescents: physiology, metabolism, and nutritional needs. Ann New York Acad Sci. 2017;1393(1):21-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13330
Vásquez F, Salazar G, Diaz E, Lera L, Anziani A, Burrows R. Comparison of body fat calculations by sex and puberty status in obese schoolchildren using two and four compartment body composition models. Nutr Hosp. 2016;33(5):1116-22. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.575
Cunha M, Xavier AMJ, Cherpe S, Gouveia JP. Assessment of shame in adolescents: the ‘Other as Shamer Scale’. Psic Teor Pesq. 2017;33:1-19. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e3336
Reyes Pérez V, Rodríguez AR, Alcázar Olán RJ, Reidl Martínez LM. Coping strategies assumed by teenagers in situations that cause fear. Psicogente. 2017;20(38):240-55. https://doi.org/10.17081/psico.20.38.2544
Madruga SW, Araújo CLP, Bertoldi AD, Neutzling MB. Manutenção dos padrões alimentares da infância à adolescência. Rev Saude Publica. 2012;46(2):376-86.
Craigie AM, Lake AA, Kelly SA, Adamson AJ, Mathers JC. Tracking of obesity-related behaviors from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review. Maturitas. 2011;70(3):266-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. maturitas.2011.08.005
Fonseca H. Perturbações do comportamento alimentar na adolescência. Rev Port Clin Geral. 2011:27(2):203-07.
Patton GC, Sawyer SM, Santelli JS, Ross DA, Afifi R, Allen NB, et al. Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet. 2016;387(10036):2423-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(16)00579-1
Swinburn BA, Kraak VI, Allender S, Atkins VJ, Baker PI, Bogard JR, et al. The global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change: the Lancet commission report. Lancet. 2019;393(10173):791-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32822-8
Sales CH, Fontanelli MM, Vieira DAS, Marchiori D, Fisberg RM. Inadequate dietary intake of minerals: prevalence and association with socio-demographic and lifestyles factors. Br J Nutr. 2017;117(2):267-77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516004633
Veiga GV, Costa RSD, Araújo MC, Souza AD, Bezerra M, Barbosa IN, et al. Inadequação do consumo de nutrientes entre adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saude Publica. 2013;47(S1):212S-221S.
Mitchell PJ, Cooper C, Dawson-Hughes B, Gordon CM, Rizzoli R. Life-course approach to nutrition. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26(12):2723-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3288-6
Monteiro TH, Vannuchi H, Paula BMF. Magnésio. In: Funções plenamente reconhecidas de nutrientes. 2nd ed. São Paulo: ILSI Brasil; 2017. p. 1-32.
Garanito MP, Pitta TS, Carneiro JDA. Deficiência de ferro na adolescência. Rev Bras Hemat Hemoter. 2010;32(S2):45-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-84842010005000056
Del Ciampo LA, Del Ciampo IRL. A importância do zinco para a saúde do adolescente. Adolesc Saude. 2014;11(2):80-6.
Fisberg M, Kovalskys I, Previdelli AN, Zimberg IZ, Del’Arco APWT, Ferrari GLM. Brazilian Study of Nutrition and Health (EBANS) – Brazilian data of ELANS: methodological opportunities and challenges. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2019;65(5):669-77. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.669
Souza AM, Barufaldi LA, Abreu GA, Giannini DT, Oliveira CL, Santos MM, et al. ERICA: ingestão de macro e micronutrientes em adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saude Publica. 2016;50(S1):1S-15S. https://doi.org/10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006698
Fisberg M, Kovalskys I, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortes LY, Herrera-Cuenca M, et al. Latin America Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS): rationale and study design. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(93). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2765-y
Institute of Medicine. DRI Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorous, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington: National Academies Press; 1997.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington: National Academies Press; 2001.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington: National Academies Press; 2011.
Otten JJ, Hellwig JP, Meyers LD, editors. Dietary reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements. Washington: National Academy Press; 2006.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo 2010. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto; 2010 [cited 2014 Mar 10]. Avaiable from: http://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/
Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Baer DJ, Murayi T, Clemens JC, Rumpler VW, et al. The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(2):324-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/88.2.324
Conway JM, Ingwersen LA, Vinyard BT, Moshfegh AJ. Effectiveness of the US Department of Agriculture 5-step multiple-pass method in assessing food intake in obese and non-obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(5):1171-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1171
Nutrition Coordinating Center. Nutrition Data System For Research – NDSR. Features. Minnesota: University of Minnesota; 2013 [cited 2019 Jun 10]. Avaiable from: http://www.ncc.umn.edu/products/features/.
Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Cortés LY, Yépez MC, et al. Standardization of the food composition database used in the Latin American Nutrition and Health Study (ELANS). Nutrients. 2015;7(9):7914-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095373
Willet WC, Howe GR, Kushi LH. Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65(4):1220S-8S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1220S
Harttig U, Haubrock J. The MSM program: the web-based statistics package for estimating usual dietary intake using the Multiple Source Method. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(S1):S87-S91. https://doi.org/10.1038/ ejcn.2011.92
Haubrock J, Nothlings U, Volatier JL, Dekkers A, Ocké M, Harttig U, et al. Estimating usual food intake distributions by using the multiple source method in the EPIC-Potsdam Calibration Study. J Nutr. 2011;141(5):914-20. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.120394
Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Critério padrão de classificação econômica Brasil. São Paulo: Associação; 2013 [cited 2019 June 10]. Avaiable from: http://www.abep.org/criterio-brasil
Ferrari GLM, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, et al. Methodological design for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary time in eight Latin American countries – The ELANS study. MethodsX. 2020;7:100843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2020.100843
Pardini R, Matsudo S, Araújo T, Matsudo V, Andrade E, Braggion G, et al. Validação do questionário internacional de nível de atividade física (IPAQ – versão 6): estudo piloto em adultos jovens brasileiros. Rev Bras Cienc Mov. 2001;9(3):45-51.
Guedes DP, Lopes CC, Guedes JERP. Reproducibility and validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in adolescents. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2005;11(2):151-58. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517- 86922005000200011
Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451-62. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic: report of a WHO Consultation. Technical Report Series. Geneva: Organization; 2000. [cited 2019 Jun 10]. Avaiable from: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/obesity/WHO_TRS_894/en/
de Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(9):660-7. https://doi.org/10.2471/blt.07.043497
Katz MH. Multivariable analysis: a pratical guide for clinicians and public health researchers. 3th ed. San Francisco: Cambridge University Press; 2011.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares: 2008-2009. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto; 2010 [cited: 2019 Feb 15]. Available from: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv45419.pdf
Schneider BC, Dumith SC, Orlandi SP, Assunção MCF. Diet and body fat in adolescence and early adulthood: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Cienc Saude Coletiva. 2017;22(5):1539-52. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017225.13972015
Santos NHA, Fiaccone RL, Barreto ML, Silva LA, Silva RCR. Association between eating patterns and body mass index in a sample of children and adolescents in Northeastern Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2014;30(10):2235-45. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00178613
Dishchekenian VRM, Escrivão MAMS, Palma D, Ancona-Lopez F, Araújo EAC, Taddei JAAC. Padrões alimentares de adolescentes obesos e diferentes repercussões metabólicas. Rev Nutr. 2011;24(1):17-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-52732011000100002
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa nacional de saúde do escolar: 2015 Rio de Janeiro: Instituto; 2016 [cited 2019 Jun 10]. Avaiable from: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/ liv97870.pdf
Silva JB, Elias BC, Mais LA, Warkentin S, Konstantyner T, Oliveira FLC. Fatores associados ao consumo inadequado de leite em adolescentes: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar – PeNSE 2012. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2019;38:e2018184. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018184
Possa G, Castro MA, Sichieri R, Fisberg RM, Fisberg M. Consumo de lácteos e derivados no Brasil está associado com fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos: resultados do Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009. Rev Nutr. 2017;30(1):79-90. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000100008
Rodrigues PRM, Luiz RR, Monteiro LS, Ferreira MG, Gonçalves-Silva RMV, Pereira RA. Adolescents’ unhealthy eating habits are associated with meals skipping. Nutrition. 2017;42:114-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.03.011
Souza ADM, Pereira RA, Yokoo EM, Levy RB, Sichieri R. Alimentos mais consumidos no Brasil: Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação 2008-2009. Rev Saude Publica. 2013;47(S1):190S-19S.
Adebamowo SN, Spiegelman D, Willett WC, Rexrode KM. Association between intakes of magnesium, potassium, and calcium and risk of stroke: 2 cohorts of US women and updated meta-analyses. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(6);1269-77. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.100354
World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases country profile 2018. Geneva: Organization; 2018 [cited July 10]. Avaiable from: https://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd-profiles-2018/en/
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Resolução RDC no 344, 13 de dezembro de 2002. Brasília: Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil; 2002 [cited 2019 Mar 10]. Avaiable from: http://189.28.128.100/dab/docs/ portaldab/documentos/resolucao_rdc344_2002.pdf
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Resolução RDC no 23, 24 de abril de 2013. Brasília: Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil; 2013 [cited 2019 Mar 10]. Avaiable from: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/ anvisa/2013/res0023_23_04_2013.html
Nilson EAF, Silva EN, Jaime PC. Developing and applying a costing tool for hypertension and related cardiovascular disease: Attributable costs to salt/sodium consumption. J Clin Hypertens. 2020:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13836
Mello AVD, Sarti FM, Pereira JL, Goldbaum M, Cesar CLG, Alves MCGP, et al. Determinants of inequalities in the quality of Brazilian diet: trends in 12-year population-based study (2003-2015). Int J Equity Health. 2018;17:72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-018-0784-2
Sarno F, Claro RM, Levy RB, Bandoni DH, Ferreira SRG, Monteiro CA. Estimativa de consumo de sódio pela populaçãoo brasileira, 2002-2003. Rev Saude Publica. 2009;43(2):219-25.
World Health Organization. Guideline: sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva: Organization; 2012.
Ma X, Jiang S, Yan S, Li M, Wang C, Pan Y, et al. Association between copper, zinc, iron, and selenium intakes and TC/HDL-c ratio in US adults. Biol Trace Elem Re. 2020;197(1):43-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01979-x
Nascimento LM, Gomes KRO, Mascarenhas MDM, Miranda CES, Araújo TME, Frota KMG. Associação entre o consumo de nutrientes antioxidantes com alterações lipídicas e risco cardiometabólico em adolescentes. Rev Nutr. 2018;31(2):183-97. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000200005
Sarmento RA, Silva FM, Sbruzzi G, Schaan BDA, Almeida JCD. Micronutrientes antioxidantes e risco cardiovascular em pacientes com diabetes: uma revisão sistemática. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;101(3):240-8. https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20130146
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ana Paula Wolf Tasca DEL'ARCO, Agatha Nogueira PREVIDELLI, Gerson FERRARI, Mauro FISBERG
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
