Aspectos genéticos da obesidade
Palavras-chave:
obesidade, genes, mutação, polimorfismo, estudos de associação e ligamento, modelos genéticos de obesidadeResumo
A obesidade definida como a acumulação excessiva de gordura corporal deriva de um desequilíbrio crônico entre a energia ingerida e a energia gasta. Neste desequilíbrio podem estar implicados diversos fatores relacionados com o estilo de vida (dieta e exercício físico), alterações neuro-endócrinas, juntamente com um componente hereditário. O componente genético constitui um fator determinante de algumas doenças congênitas e um elemento de risco para diversas doenças crônicas como diabetes, osteoporose, hipertensão, câncer, obesidade, entre outras. O aumento da prevalência da obesidade em quase todos os países durante os últimos anos, parece indicar que existe uma predisposição ou susceptibilidade genética para a obesidade, sobre a qual atuam os fatores ambientais relacionados com os estilos de vida, em que se incluem principalmente os hábitos alimentares e a atividade física. A utilização de modelos animais de obesidade, a transferência génica e os estudos de associação e ligamento, permitiram a identificação de vários genes implicados na obesidade.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Iva MARQUES-LOPES, Amelia MARTI, María Jesús MORENO-ALIAGA, Alfredo MARTÍNEZ
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