Prevalence, temporal trend and associated factors with excess body weight in mothers of children under five years
Palavras-chave:
Health surveys, Mothers, Nutritional transition, Obesity, OverweightResumo
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, temporal trends and associated factors with excess weight in mothers of children under five years of age.
Methods
This is a time-series study using data from two household surveys conducted in 2005 and 2015. A total of 1,436 mothers were evaluated in 2005, and 690 were evaluated in 2015. The dependent variables were excess body weight (Body Mass Index [BMI] ≥25.0kg/m²), high percentage of Body Fat (%BF ≥33%) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >80cm). The independent variables were the socioeconomic and demographic factors. The changes that occurred between the two surveys were expressed in percentages, and the measure of association was the Prevalence Ratio, calculated by Poisson regression, in both the crude and multivariate analyses.
Results
There were increases of 33.2%, 59.2% and 31.0%, respectively, for the prevalence of excess weight (PR=1.33, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1.21-1.46), abdominal obesity (PR=1.59, 95% CI:1.43-1.77) and high %BF (PR=1.31, 95% CI:1.07-1.60). The factors independently associated with excess weight and abdominal obesity were the highest age group (>30 years), menarche ≤12 years and higher parity (>2 children). The same was observed for high %BF, except for the loss of significance in the adjusted analysis for the variable menarche ≤12 years.
Conclusion
The prevalence of high body adiposity is a problem of relevant importance in the studied population and has presented an upward trend in the last 10 years. Women over 30 years and with more than two children should be given priority in prevention and control.
Referências
Oliveros E, Somers VK, Sochor O, Goel K, LopezJimenez F. The concept of normal weight obesity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56(4):426-33.
World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva: WHO; 2014.
Moura EC, Claro RM. Estimates of obesity trends in Brazil, 2006-2009. Int J Public Health. 2012;57(1):127-33.
World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Geneva: WHO; 2015 [cited 2016 Mar 3]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010 [acesso 2016 dez 12]. Disponível em: http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv45419
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Vigitel Brasil 2016: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico: estimativas sobre frequência e distribuição sociodemográfica de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas nas capitais dos 26 estados brasileiros e no Distrito Federal em 2016. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2017.
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde: 2013: ciclos de vida: Brasil e grandes regiões. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério da Saúde; 2015.
Ferreira HS, Silva WO, Santos EA, Bezerra MKA, Silva BCV, Horta BL. Body composition and hypertension: A comparative study involving women from maroon communities and from the general population of Alagoas State, Brazil. Rev Nutr. 2013;26(5):539-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15 90/51415-5273204300050005
Ferreira HS, Moura FA, Cabral CR, Florêncio TMMT, Vieira RC, Assunção ML. Short stature of mothers from an area endemic for undernutrition is associated with obesity, hypertension and stunted children: A population-based study in the semi-arid region of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. Br J Nutr. 2009;101(8):1239-45.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Censo 2010. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2010 [acesso 2016 dez 12]. Disponível em: http://www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/
Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of verweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766-81.
Malta DC, Santos MAS, Andrade SSCA, Oliveira TP, Stopa SR, Oliveira MM, et al. Tendência temporal dos indicadores de excesso de peso em adultos nas capitais brasileiras, 2006-2013. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2016;21(4):1061-9.
He Y, Pan A, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, et al. Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity among reproductive-age women and adolescent girls in rural China. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(12):2103-10.
Correia LL, Silveira DMI, Silva AC, Campos JS, Machado MMT, Rocha HAL, et al. Prevalência e determinantes de obesidade e sobrepeso em mulheres em idade reprodutiva residentes na região semiárida do Brasil. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2011;16(1):133-45.
Prentice P, Viner RM. Pubertal timing and adult obesity and cardiometabolic risk in women and men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2013;37(8):1036-43.
Luoto R, Männistö S, Raitanen J. Ten-year change in the association between obesity and parity: Results from the national FINRISK population study. Gend Med. 2011;8(6):399-406.
Nogueira JL, Saunders C, Leal MC. Métodos antropométricos utilizados na avaliação da retenção do peso no período pós-parto: uma revisão sistemática. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2015;20(2):407-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015202.08112013
Rosa MI, Silva F, Giroldi SB, Antunes GN, Wendland EM. Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade em mulheres usuárias de serviços de prontoatendimento do Sistema Único de Saúde no sul do Brasil. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2011;16(5):2559-66.
Lombard C, Deeks A, Jolley D, Teede H. Preventing weight gain: The baseline weight related behaviors and delivery of a randomized controlled intervention in community based women. BMC Public Health. 2009 [cited 2018 Apr 5];9(1):2. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2630939/pdf/1471-2458-9-2.pdf
Florêncio TT, Ferreira HS, Cavalcante JC, Luciano SM, Sawaya AL. Food consumed does not account for the higher prevalence of obesity among stunted adults in a very-low-income population in the Northeast of Brazil (Maceió, Alagoas). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(11):1437-46.
Ferreira HS, Luciano SCM. Prevalência de extremos antropométricos em crianças do estado de Alagoas. Rev Saúde Pública. 2010;44(2):377-80.
Lohman TG. The use of skinfold to estimate body fatness on children and youth. J Phys Educ Recreat Dance. 1987;58(9):98-103.
World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2000.
Snitker S. Use of body fatness cutoff points. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(11):1057-8.
World Health Organization. Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
Ford ND, Patel SA, Narayan KMV. Obesity in low - and middle - income countries: Burden, drivers, and emerging challenges. Ann Rev Public Health. 2017;38(1): 145-64.
Wormser D, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Wood A, Pennells L, Thompson A, et al. Separate and combined associations of body-mass index and abdominal adiposity with cardiovascular disease: Collaborative analysis of 58 prospective studies. Lancet. 2011;377(9771):1085-95.
Lima NP, Horta BL, Motta JVDS, Valença MS, Oliveira V, Santos TV, et al. Evolução do excesso de peso e obesidade até a idade adulta, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 1982-2012. Cad Saúde Pública. 2015;31(9):2017-25.
Costa EC, Lira PIC, Oliveira JS, Menezes RCE, Tavares FCLP, Batista Filho M, et al. Evolução do excesso de peso e fatores associados em mulheres de 10 a 49 anos em Pernambuco, Nordeste, Brasil. Rev Nutr. 2014;27(5):513-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000500001
Veloso HJF, Silva AAM. Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade abdominal e ao excesso de peso em adultos maranhenses. Rev Saúde Pública. 2009;43(2):83-9.
Oliveira LPM, Assis AMO, Silva MCM, Santana MLP, Santos NS, Pinheiro SMC, et al. Fatores associados a excesso de peso e concentração de gordura abdominal em adultos na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2009;25(3):570-82.
Pinho CPS, Diniz ADS, Arruda IKG, Batista Filho M, Coelho PC, Sequeira LADS, et al. Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade abdominal em indivíduos na faixa etária de 25 a 59 anos do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2013;29(2):313-24.
Almeida JB, Kian KO, Lima RC, Souza MCC, Cerhan J, Potter J. Total and abdominal adiposity and hypertension in indigenous women in Midwest Brazil. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155528
Caminha TCS, Ferreira HS, Costa NS, Nakano RP, Carvalho RES, Xavier Junior AFS, et al. Waist-toheight ratio is the best anthropometric predictor of hypertension. Medicine. 2017;96(2):e5874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005874
Romero-Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra-Johnson J, Korenfeld Y, Boarin S, Korinek J, et al. Normal weight obesity: A risk factor for cardiometabolic dysregulation and cardiovascular mortality. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(6):737-46.
US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. Understanding adult obesity. WIN Weight-control Information Network: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) NIH Publication No.
-3680. 2018 [cited 2018 Apr 5]. Available from: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/weight-management/adult-overweight-obesity/all-content
Wanderley EN, Ferreira VA. Obesidade: uma perspectiva plural. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2010;15(1):185-94.
Eickemberg M, Oliveira C, Roriz AK, Sampaio LR. Bioimpedância elétrica e sua aplicação em avaliação nutricional. Rev Nutr. 2011;24(6):883-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/51415-52732011000600009
Eickemberg M, Oliveira CC, Roriz AKC, Fontes GAV, Mello AL, Sampaio LR. Bioimpedância elétrica e gordura visceral: uma comparação com a tomografia computadorizada em adultos e idosos. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57(1):27-32.
Pinheiro MM, Oliveira JS, Leal VS, Lira PIC, Souza NP, Campos FACS. Prevalência do excesso de peso e fatores associados em mulheres em idade reprodutiva no Nordeste do Brasil. Rev Nutr. 2016;29(5):679-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652016000500006
Trikudanathan S, Pedley A, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Seely EW, Murabito JM, et al. Association of female reproductive factors with body composition: The Framingham Heart Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(1):236-44.
Theodoro H, Rodrigues AD, Mendes KG, Liane RH, Paniz VMV, Olinto MTA. Reproductive characteristics and obesity in middle-aged women seen at an outpatient clinic in southern Brazil. Menopause. 2012;19(9):1022-8.
Feng Y, Hong X, Wilker E, Li Z, Zhang W, Jin D, et al. Effects of age at menarche, reproductive years, and menopause on metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis. 2009;162(3):214-20.
Lourenço B, Queiroz BL. Seção Aprendendo Crescimento e desenvolvimento puberal na adolescência. Rev Med. 010;89(2):70-5.
Mesa JMM, Martínez J, Araújo C, Horta BL, Gigante DP, Martinez J, et al. Growth patterns in early childhood and the onset of menarche before age twelve. Rev Saúde Pública. 2010;44(2):249-60.
Castilho SD, Pinheiro CD, Bento CA, Barros-Filho ADA, Cocetti M. Tendência secular da idade da menarca avaliada em relação ao índice de massa corporal. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2012;56(3):195-200.
Bubach S, Menezes AMB, Barros FC, Wehrmeister FC, Gonçalves H, Assunção MCF, et al. Impact of the age at menarche on body composition in adulthood: Results from two birth cohort studies. BMC Public Health. 2016 [cited 2018 Apr 5];16(1):1007. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5034580/pdf/12889_2016_Article_3649.pdf
Oliveira EO, Velásquez-Meléndez G, Kac G. Fatores demográficos e comportamentais associados à obesidade abdominal em usuárias de centro de saúde de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rev Nutr. 2007;20(4):361-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/51415-52732007000400003
Teichmann L, Olinto MTA, Costa JSD, Ziegler D. Fatores de risco associados ao sobrepeso e a obesidade em mulheres de São Leopoldo, RS. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2006;9(3):360-73.
Brown K, Apuzzio J, Weiss G. Maternal obesity and associated reproductive consequences. Womens Health. 2010;6(2):197-203.
Amer NM, Marcon SS, Santana RG. Índice de massa corporal e hipertensão arterial em indivíduos adultos no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(1):47-53.
Lima FEL, Rabito EI, Dias MRMG. Estado nutricional de população adulta beneficiária do Programa Bolsa Família no município de Curitiba, PR. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2011;14(2):198-206.
Mendonça RDD, Pimenta AM, Gea A, FuenteArrillaga C, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Lopes ACS, et al. Ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of overweight and obesity: The University of Navarra Follow-Up (SUN) cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(5):1433-40.
Zobel EH, Hansen TW, Rossing P, Von Scholten BJ. Global changes in food supply and the obesity epidemic. Curr Obes Rep. 2016;5(4):449-55.
Crino M, Sacks G, Vandevijvere S, Swinburn B, Neal B. The influence on population weight gain and obesity of the macronutrient composition and energy density of the food supply. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(1):1-10.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Ricardo Paulino NAKANO, Tainá Cardoso da Silva CAMINHA, Renata Elyonara de Sousa CARVALHO, Antônio Fernando Silva XAVIER JÚNIOR, Monica Lopes de ASSUNÇÃO, Haroldo da Silva FERREIRA
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
