Consumo de cafeína e prematuridade
Resumo
A cafeína (1, 3, 7-trimetilxantina) é uma metilxantina que facilmente atravessa a barreira placentária, com quantidades substanciais passando para o líquido amniótico, sangue do cordão umbilical, plasma e urina dos neonatos. As maiores fontes de cafeína são café, chá, chocolate e refrigerantes do tipo cola. Além disso, cerca de mil drogas prescritas e 2 mil drogas não prescritas contêm cafeína, e 25 dessas drogas podem ser usadas na gravidez. Embora estudos em animais indiquem que a cafeína leve à diminuição no crescimento intrauterino fetal, redução do peso ao nascer, reabsorção fetal e teratogênese, nos estudos epidemiológicos os achados são, ainda, inconclusivos. Pelo fato de os alimentos com cafeína serem amplamente consumidos na gravidez, é importante avaliar se o uso dessa substância está associado com a redução da idade gestacional. Este artigo examina o conhecimento atual do consumo de cafeína durante a gravidez, abordando os estudos epidemiológicos sobre a associação entre consumo de cafeína e prematuridade, as fontes de cafeína e seu consumo na gravidez, a bioquímica, a fisiopatologia e a plausibilidade biológica da associação e as principais limitações dos estudos sobre cafeína e prematuridade.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Rita Adriana Gomes de SOUZA, Rosely SICHIER
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