Adipocitocinas: uma nova visão do tecido adiposo

Autores

  • Daniella Esteves Duque GUIMARÃES Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
  • Fátima Lúcia de Carvalho SARDINHA Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
  • Daniella de Moraes MIZURINI Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
  • Maria das Graças TAVARES DO CARMO Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Palavras-chave:

adipocitocinas, aterosclerose, obesidade, resistência à insulina, tecido adiposo

Resumo

A identificação da leptina, hormônio secretado pelos adipócitos, cujo efeito sobre o sistema nervoso simpático e a função endócrina confere participação ativa no controle do dispêndio energético, bem como do apetite, acrescentou às funções do tecido adiposo no organismo humano o papel de órgão multifuncional, produtor e secretor de inúmeros peptídeos e proteínas bioativas, denominadas adipocitocinas. Alterações na quantidade de tecido adiposo, como ocorrem na obesidade, afetam a produção da maioria desses fatores secretados pelos adipócitos. Ainda que essas alterações estejam freqüentemente associadas às inúmeras disfunções metabólicas e ao aumento do risco de doenças cardiovasculares, permanece sob investigação o envolvimento do tecido adiposo no desenvolvimento dessas complicações, considerada a sua função endócrina. As concentrações de várias adipocitocinas elevam-se na obesidade e têm sido relacionadas à hipertensão (angiotensinogênio), ao prejuízo da fibrinólise (inibidor do ativador de plasminogênio-1) e à resistência à insulina (proteína estimuladora de acilação, fator de necrose tumoral-α, interleucina-6 e resistina). De outro modo, leptina e adiponectina têm efeitos sobre a sensibilidade à insulina. Na obesidade, a resistência insulínica também está relacionada à resistência à leptina e aos teores plasmáticos reduzidos de adiponectina. Leptina e adiponectina ainda exercem efeitos orgânicos adicionais distintos: frente à participação da leptina no controle da ingestão alimentar, a adiponectina apresenta potente ação anti-aterogênica. Algumas drogas utilizadas no controle do diabetes elevam a produção endógena de adiponectina, em roedores e humanos, indicando que o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos com alvo nas adipocitocinas pode representar uma alternativa terapêutica de prevenção da resistência insulínica e da aterosclerose em indivíduos obesos. 

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Publicado

15-09-2023

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Duque GUIMARÃES, D. E. ., de Carvalho SARDINHA, F. L., de Moraes MIZURINI, D., & TAVARES DO CARMO, M. das G. (2023). Adipocitocinas: uma nova visão do tecido adiposo. Revista De Nutrição, 20(5). Recuperado de https://periodicos.puc-campinas.edu.br/nutricao/article/view/9711

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