Intervenções para reduzir a insegurança alimentar: uma síntese dos atuais conceitos e abordagens para a América Latina
Palavras-chave:
Segurança alimentar e nutricional, Renda, Programas e políticas de nutrição e alimentação, VulnerabilidadeResumo
A insegurança alimentar tem sido documentada em países de toda a gama de rendas nacionais, desde os países de mais baixa até os de mais alta renda. A maioria dos países latino-americanos, incluindo o Brasil, está no meio deste espectro. Embora as ações direcionadas aos problemas de insegurança alimentar precisem ser desenvolvidas de acordo com contextos específicos, lições valiosas para o êxito das intervenções podem ser aprendidas das experiências dos países de baixa e de alta renda. Este artigo descreve a segurança alimentar nos diferentes contextos nacionais. Os elementos básicos de segurança alimentar, incluindo a disponibilidade de alimentos, o acesso e a utilização são revisados, assim como os desenvolvimentos mais recentes na área, incluindo análises de subsistência, vulnerabilidade e estratégias de gestão de risco. É apresentada uma seleção das intervenções do sector público de segurança alimentar, que se destinam a melhorar a produção agrícola, a aumentar o nível de emprego e da renda familiar, ao desenvolvimento do capital humano e à distribuição de alimentos. Experiências internacionais recentes são utilizadas com o intuito de desenvolver temas para orientação desses tipos de intervenções de segurança alimentar na América Latina. Dentre as quais, se inclui: a importância de que os projetos de auxílio estejam em sinergia com o desenvolvimento em longo prazo, a adaptação das intervenções às necessidades dos contextos específicos e a expansão dos sistemas de informação para apoiar estas atividades. O artigo também descreve a necessidade de melhorar a segurança alimentar sem levar a um excesso de consumo, um problema cada vez mais preocupante, tanto na América Latina como em outros lugares. Finalmente, o desenvolvimento das capacidades locais a partir de ações comunitárias participativas é sugerido, como um meio para melhorar os resultados dos programas assim como assegurar os direitos humanos.
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