A medida da segurança alimentar: a experiência mundial
Palavras-chave:
Medidas, Segurança alimentar e nutricional, Validade dos testesResumo
Medir a insegurança alimentar domiciliar representa um desafio devido à complexidade e ao vasto número de fatores associados a este fenômeno. Por mais de uma década, pesquisadores e agências em todo o mundo têm usado o Módulo Suplementar da Segurança Alimentar Domiciliar , do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (Household Food Security Supplemental Module), e avaliado suas variações. Graças a numerosos estudos com diversos formatos, extensões e propósitos, a adequação do Household Food Security Supplemental Module para avaliar diretamente a percepção dos indivíduos acerca de seu estado de segurança alimentar pôde ser comprovada. Além disso, as limitações desse módulo e os desafios que os pesquisadores ainda precisam enfrentar vêm se tornando mais claros, e novas questões a serem pesquisadas vêm surgindo à medida que o processo avança. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o desenvolvimento, os procedimentos de validação e o uso do Household Food Security Supplemental Module em cenários distintos. A maioria dos estudos sobre o Household Food Security Supplemental Module foi efetuado usando critérios de validação, o modelo de Rasch e o Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach Alfa. É vital que os pesquisadores, os responsáveis pela determinação de políticas públicas e as agências governamentais e não governamentais intensifiquem seus esforços para desenvolver novas ferramentas que forneçam medidas válidas e confiáveis de segurança alimentar em diferentes grupos populacionais. É necessário um esforço adicional para sintetizar uma ferramenta universalmente aplicável, que seja capaz de capturar o fenômeno humano global da insegurança alimentar.
Referências
Food and Agriculture Organization. The state of food insecurity in the world 2006: Eradicating world hunger - taking stock ten years after the World Food Summit. Rome; 2006.
Radimer KL, Olson CM, Campbell CC. Development of indicators to assess hunger. J Nutr. 1990; 120(11):1544-8.
Frongillo EA. Validation of measures of food insecurity and hunger. J Nutr. 1999; 129(2S): 506S-9S.
Derrickson JP, Fisher AG, Anderson JE. The core food security module scale measure is valid and reliable when used with Asians and Pacific Islanders. J Nutr. 2000; 130(11):2666-74.
Kaiser LL, Melgar-Quiñonez HR, Lamp CL, Johns MC, Sutherlin JM, Harwood JO. Food security and nutritional outcomes of preschool-age MexicanAmerican children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002; 102(7): 924-9.
Lorenzana PA, Mercado C. Measuring household food security in poor Venezuelan households. Public Health Nutr. 2002; 5(6A):851-7.
Melgar-Quinonez H, Zubieta AC, Valdez E, Whitelaw B, Kaiser L. Validation of an instrument to monitor food insecurity in Sierra de Manantlan, Jalisco. Salud Publica Mex. 2005; 47(6):413-22.
Pérez-Escamilla R, Segall-Corrêa AM, Kurdian Maranha L, Archanjo Sampaio MF, Marin-Leon L, Panigassi G. An adapted version of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Insecurity module is a valid tool for assessing household food insecurity in Campinas, Brazil. J Nutr. 2004; 134(8):1923-8.
Álvarez MC, Estrada A, Montoya EC, MelgarQuiñonez H. Validación de escala de percepción de la seguridad alimentaria doméstica en Antioquia, Colombia. Salud Publica Mex. 2006; 48(6):474-81.
Gulliford MC, Nunes C, Rocke B. The 18 Household Food Security Survey items provide valid food security classifications for adults and children in the Caribbean. BMC Public Health. 2006; 8;6(1): 263.
Studdert LJ, Frongillo EA Jr, Valois P. Household food insecurity was prevalent in Java during Indonesia’s economic crisis. J Nutr. 2001; 131(10): 2685-91.
Welch KJ, Mock N, Netrebenko O. Measuring hunger in the Russian Federation using the Radimer/Cornell hunger scale. Bull World Health Organ. 1998; 76(2):143-8.
Frongillo EA, Chowdhury N, Ekstrom EC, Naved RT. Understanding the experience of household food insecurity in rural Bangladesh leads to a measure different from that used in other countries. J Nutr. 2003; 133(12):4158-62.
Frongillo EA, Nanama S. Development and validation of an experience-based measure of household food insecurity within and across seasons in Northern Burkina Faso. J Nutr. 2006; 136(5):1409S-19S.
Coates J, Wilde PE, Webb P, Rogers BL, Houser RF. Comparison of a qualitative and a quantitative approach to developing a household food insecurity scale for Bangladesh. J Nutr. 2006; 136(5):1420S-30S.
Nord M, Andrews M, Winicki J. Frequency and duration of food insecurity and hunger in US households. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2002; 34(4): 194-200.
Rose D, Habicht JP, Devaney B. Household participation in the Food Stamp and WIC programs increases the nutrient intakes of preschool children. J Nutr. 1998; 128(3):548-55.
Alaimo K, Briefel RR, Frongillo EA Jr, Olson CM. Food insufficiency exists in the United States: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Am J Public Health. 1998; 88(3):419-26.
Position of the American Dietetic Association: Addressing world hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003; 103(8):1046-57.
Coates J, Webb P, Houser R. Measuring food insecurity: going beyond indicators of income and anthropometry. Food and nutrition technical assistance project; academy for educational development. Washington; 2003.
Anderson SA. Core indicators of nutritional state for difficult-to-sample populations. J Nutr. 1990; 121(11S):1559-600.
Wehler CA, Scott RI, Anderson JJ. The community childhood identification project: a model of domestic hunger-Demonstration project in Seattle, Washington. J Nutr Educ.1992; 24(1):29S-35S.
Nord M, Andrews M, Carlson S. Household Food Security in the United States; 2005 [cited 2006 Nov]. Available from: <http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err29/>.
Kempson K, Keenan DP, Sadani PS, Adler A. Maintaining food sufficiency: Coping strategies identified by limited-resource individuals versus nutrition educators. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2003; 35(4):179-88.
Hamelin AM, Beaudry M, Baict JP. Characterization of food insecurity in Quebec: food and feelings. Soc Sci Med. 2002; 54(1):119-32.
Olson CM. Nutrition and health outcomes associated with food insecurity and hunger. J Nutr. 1999; 129(2S):517S-20S.
Dixon LB, Winkleby MA, Radimer KL. Dietary intakes and serum nutrients differ between adults from food-insufficient and food-sufficient families: third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988-1994. J Nutr. 2001; 131(4):1232-46.
Oh SY, Hong MJ. Food insecurity is associated with dietary intake and body size of Korean children from low-income families in urban areas. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57(12):1598-604.
Matheson DM, Varady J, Varady A, Killen JD. Household food security and nutritional status of Hispanic children in the fifth grade. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 76(1):210-7.
Vozoris NT, Tarasuk VS. The health of Canadians on welfare. Can J Public Health. 2004 95(2): 115-20.
Hackett M, Melgar-Quiñonez H, Zubieta AC, Hernandez K. Food Security and Household Food Supplies in Rural Ecuador. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2007; 57(1):10-7
Parás P, Pérez-Escamilla R. El rostro de la pobreza: la inseguridad alimentaria en el Distrito Federal. Rev Este País. 2004; 158(5):45-50.
Melgar-Quinonez HR, Zubieta AC, MkNelly B, Nteziyaremye A, Gerardo MF, Dunford C. Household food insecurity and food expenditure in Bolivia, Burkina Faso, and the Philippines. J Nutr. 2006; 136(5):1431S-7S.
Fiszbein A, Giovagnoli I. Hambre en Argentina. [cited 2003 Jun]. Available from: <http://www.undppovertycentre.org/publications/health/foodsecurity-nutrition/Hambre_en_Argentina-FiszbeinJun03.pdf>.
Marin-Leon L, Segal-Corrêa AM, Panigassi G, Maranha LK, Sampaio MF, Pérez-Escamilla R. Food insecurity, perception in families with elderly in Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Cad Saúde Publica. 2005; 21(5):1433-40.
Rivera-Márquez JA, Guerrero-Alcocer EV. Inseguridad alimentaria en ancianos pobres de la Ciudad de México: importancia para la salud pública y para la agenda social. Nutr Clin. 2006; 9(2):13-9.
Brasil. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome. Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão; 2006. Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios; Segurança Alimentar; 2004 [acesso 2008 maio 27]. Disponível em: <http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/trabalhoerendimento/pnad2004/default.shtm>.
Melgar-Quinonez HR, Nord M, Pérez-Escamilla R, Segall-Corrêa AM. Psychometric properties of a modified US-household food security survey module in Campinas, Brazil. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008; 62(5):665-73.
Hackett M, Melgar-Quinonez HR, Pérez-Escamilla R, Segall-Corrêa AM. Gender of respondent does not affect the psychometric properties of the Brazilian household food security scale. Int J Epidemiol. 2008; [Advance online publication, May 2008]; doi: 10.1093/ije/dyn084.
Hackett M, Melgar-Quiñonez H, Alvarez Uribe MC. Internal validity of a household food security scale is consistent among diverse populations participating in a food supplement program in Colombia. BMC Public Health. [Advance online publication, May 2008]; doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-175.
Gulliford MC, Mahabir D, Rocke B. Food insecurity, food choices, and body mass index in adults: nutrition transition in Trinidad and Tobago. Int J Epidemiol. 2003; 32(4):508-32.
McIntyre L, Glanville NT, Officer S, Anderson B, Raine KD, Dayle JB. Food insecurity of low-income lone mothers and their children in Atlantic Canada. Can J Public Health. 2002; 93(6):411-5.
Tarasuk VS. Household food insecurity with hunger is associated with women’s food intakes, health and household circumstances. J Nutr. 2001; 131(10):2670-6.
Kendall A, Olson CM, Frongillo EA Jr Validation of the Radimer/Cornell measures of hunger and food insecurity. J Nutr. 1995; 125(11):2793-801.45. Piaseu N, Mitchell P. Household food insecurity among urban poor in Thailand. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2004; 36(2):115-21.
Hamelin AM, Habicht JP, Beaudry M. Food insecurity: consequences for the household and broader social implications. J Nutr. 1999; 129(2S): 525S-8S.
Renzaho AM. Food insecurity, malnutrition and mortality in Maewo and Ambae Islands, Vanuatu. Public Health Nutr. 2006; 9(6):798-807.
Oh SY, Hong MJ. Food insecurity is associated with dietary intake and body size of Korean children from low-income families in urban areas. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57(12):1598-604.
Oldewage-Theron WH, Dicks EG, Napier CE. Poverty, household food insecurity and nutrition: coping strategies in an informal settlement in the Vaal Triangle, South Africa. Public Health. 2006; 120(9):795-804.
Hadley C, Patil CL. Food insecurity in rural Tanzania is associated with maternal anxiety and depression. Am J Hum Biol. 2006; 18(3):359-68.
Tingay RS, Tan CJ, Tan NC, Tang S, Teoh PF, Wong R, et al. Food insecurity and low income in an English inner city. J Public Health Med. 2003; 25(2): 156-9.
Sellen DW, Tedstone AE, Frize J. Food insecurity among refugee families in East London: results of a pilot assessment. Public Health Nutr. 2002; 5(5): 637-44.
Hadley C, Sellen D. Food security and child hunger among recently resettled Liberian refugees and asylum seekers: a pilot study. J Immigr Minor Health. 2006; 8(4):369-75.
Coates J, Frongillo EA, Rogers BL, Webb P, Wilde PE, Houser R. Commonalities in the experience of household food insecurity across cultures: what are measures missing? J Nutr. 2006; 136(5): 1438S-48S.
Swindale A, Bilinsky P. Development of a universally applicable household food insecurity measurement tool: process, current status, and outstanding issues. J Nutr. 2006; 136(5): 1449S-52S.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Hugo MELGAR-QUINONEZ, Michelle HACKETT
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
