Amido resistente e suas propriedades físico-químicas
Palavras-chave:
amido resistente, amilose, amilopectina, propriedades físico-químicasResumo
A partir da década de 80, começou a ser observado que uma fração do amido escapava da digestão no intestino delgado e chegava ao cólon, onde servia de substrato para a flora bacteriana. Essa fração foi denominada amido resistente e, a partir de então, constatou-se que determinados efeitos fisiológicos, inicialmente atribuídos às fibras alimentares, poderiam também ser atribuídos ao amido resistente. Vários fatores podem estar envolvidos na sua formação e eles, por sua vez, afetam a sua resposta fisiológica. Deste modo, torna-se importante o conhecimento dos aspectos físico-químicos envolvidos na formação do amido resistente.
Referências
Asp NG. Classification and methodology of food carbohydrates as related to nutritional effects. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61 (Suppl):930S-7S.
Granfeldt YE, Drews AW, Björck IME. Starch biovailability in arepas from ordinary or high amylose corn: concentration and gastrointestinal fate of resistant starch in rats. J Nutr 1993; 123:1676-84.
Muir JG, Birkett A, Brown I, Jones G, O’Dea K. Food processing and maize variety affects amounts of starch escaping digestion in the small intestine. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61:82-9.
Escarpa A, González MC, Morales MD, Saura- -Calixto F. An approach to the influence of nutrients and other components on the resistant starch formation. Food Chem 1997; 60(4):527-32.
Skrabanja V, Kreft I. Resistant starch formation following autoclaving of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) groats an in vitro study. J Agric Food Chem 1998; 46:2020-23.
Englyst HN, Cummings JH. Digestion of polysaccharides of potato in the small intestine of man. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 45:423-31.
Englyst HN, Kingman SM, Cummings JH. Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46(2 Suppl):S33-S50.
Colonna P, Leloup V, Buléon A. Limiting factors of starch hydrolysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46(2 Suppl):S17-S32.
Champ M, Kozlowski F, Lecannu G. In vivo and in vitro methods for resistant starch measurement. In: McCleary V, Prosky L. Advanced dietary fibre technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2001. p.106-19.
Noah L, Guillon F, Bouchet B, Buléon A, Molis C, Gratas M, et al. Digestion of carbohydrate from white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in healthy humans. J Nutr 1998; 128:977-85.
Björk I, Gunnarsson A, Ostergard K. A study of native and chemically modified potato starch. Starch/Stärke 1989; 41:128-34.
Asp NG. Resistant starch Proceedings from the second plenary meeting of EURESTA: European FLAIR Concerted Action nº 11 on physiological implications of the consumption of resistant starch in man. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46(2 Suppl):S1.
Universidade de São Paulo. Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, USP: 1998. Disponível em: http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela
Escarpa A, González MC, Mañas E, García-Díaz L, Saura-Calixto F. Resistant starch formation: A standardization of a high-pressure autoclave process. J Agric Food Chem 1996; 44:924-28.
Gallant DJ, Bouchet B, Buléon A, Pérez S. Physical characteristics of granules and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46(2 Suppl):S3-S16.
Pomeranz Y. Research and development regarding enzyme-resistant starch (RS) in the USA: a review. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46(2 Suppl):S63-S68.
Shi Y, Jeffcoat R. Structural features of resistant starch. In: McCleary V, Prosky L. Advanced dietary fibre technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2001. p.430-39.
Germani R. Controle de qualidade tecnológica do grão e da farinha de trigo. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Controle e Garantia de Qualidade de Alimentos UFRJ – Embrapa/CTAA. Módulo III: controle de qualidade químico e físico-químico. Rio de Janeiro; 1999. p.27-31.
Eerlingen RC, Deceuninck M, Delcour J.A. Enzyme- -resistant starch II: Influence of amylose chain length on resistant starch formation. Cereal Chem 1993; 70(3):345-50.
Sievert D, Czuchajowska Z, Pomeranz Y. Enzyme-resistant starch III. X-ray diffraction of autoclaved amylomaize VII starch and enzyme-resistant starch residues. Cereal Chem 1991; 68:86-91.
Eerlingen RC, Jacobs H, Delcour JA. Enzyme-resistant starch V: Effect of retrogradation of waxy maize starch on enzyme susceptibility. Cereal Chem 1994; 71(4):351-55.
Fredriksson H, Björck I, Andersson R, Liljeberg H, Silverio J, Eliasson AC, et al. Studies on α-amilase degradation of retrograded starch gels from waxy maize and high-amylopectin potato. Carbohydr Polymers 2000; 43:81-7.
García-Alonso A, Jiménez-Escrig A, Martín-Carrón N, Bravo L, Saura-Calixto F. Assessment of some parameters involved in the gelatinization and retrogradation of starch. Food Chem 1999; 66:181-7.
Goñi I, Bravo L, Larrauri JA, Saura-Calixto F. Resistant starch in potatoes deep-fried in olive oil. Food Chem 1997; 59(2):269-72.
Eerlingen RC, Cillen G, Delcour JA. Enzyme- -resistant starch IV: Effect of endogenous lipids and added sodium dodecyl sulfate on formation of resistant starch. Cereal Chem 1994; 71(2):170-77.
Menezes EW, Canzio AE, Lajolo FM. Formação de amido resistente em alimentos armazenados em baixas temperaturas. In: Lajolo FM, Menezes EW. Fibra dietética temas en tecnología de alimentos México: INP 1998; 2:191-8. [Anais do Simpósio Iberoamericano sobre Fibra Dietética em Alimentos- Projeto CYTED XI 6, São Paulo; 1997].
Rosin PM. Formação de amido resistente em alimentos armazenados sob baixa temperatura (-20ºC) – Estudo in vitro e in vivo [dissertação]. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, USP; 2000.
Wong S, O’Dea K. Importance of physical form rather than viscosity in determining the rate of starch hydrolysis in legumes. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37:66-70.
Livesey G, Wilkinson JA, Roe M, Faulks R, Clark S, Brown JC, et al. Influence of the physical form of barley grain on the digestion of its starch in the human small intestine and implications for health. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61:75-81.
Würsch P, Del Vedovo S, Koellreutter B. Cell structure and starch nature as key determinants of the digestion rate of starch in legume. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 46:25-9.
Menezes EW, Lajolo FM. Utilização do amido de leguminosas. Arch Latinoam Nutr 1995; 45(1 Supl):270S-272S.
Annison G, Topping DL. Nutritional role of resistant starch: chemical structure vs physiological function. Ann Rev Nutr 1994; 14:297-320.
Anderson H, Levine AS, Levitt MD. Incomplete absorption of the carbohydrate in all purpose wheat flour. N Engl J Med 1981; 302:891-92.
Thompson LU, Button CL, Jenkins DJA. Phytic acid and calcium affect the in vitro rate of navy bean starch digestion and blood glucose response in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46:467-73.
Eerlingen RC, Van Den Broeck I, Delcour J.A, Slade L, Levine H. Enzyme-resistant starch VI: Influence of sugars on resistant starch formation. Cereal Chem 1994; 71(5):472-76.
Tovar J. Métodos para la determinación del contenido de almidón resistente en los alimentos. In: Lajolo FM, Saura-Calixto F, Penna EW, Menezes EW, et al. Fibra dietética em Iberoamérica: tecnología y salud – obtención caracterización efecto fisiológico y aplicación en alimentos. São Paulo: Varela; 2001. p.433-44.
Champ M. Determination of resistant starch in food and food products: interlaboratory study. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46(2 Suppl):S51-S62.
McCleary BV. Measurement of dietary fibre components: the importance of enzyme purity activity and specificity. In: McCleary V, Prosky L. Advanced dietary fibre technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 2001. p.89-105.
Muir JG, O’Dea K. Measurement of resistant starch: factors affecting the amount of starch escaping digestion in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 56:123-7.
Akerberg AKE, Liljeberg HGM, Granfeldt YE, Drews AW, Björk IME. An in vitro method based on chewing to predict resistant starch content in foods allows parallel determination of potentially available starch and dietary fiber. J Nutr 1998; 128:651-60.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Alexandre Rodrigues LOBO, Glória Maria de LEMOS SILVA
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.