Associação entre o consumo alimentar materno na gravidez de acordo com o grau de processamento e peso ao nascer segundo a idade gestacional e sexo
Palavras-chave:
Consumo alimentar, Dieta saudável, Recém-nascido, Alimentos ultraprocessadosResumo
Objetivo
Avaliar a associação da dieta materna de acordo com o grau de processamento dos alimentos e o peso ao nascer segundo a idade gestacional e sexo.
Métodos
Estudo transversal com 300 mulheres captadas entre os meses de fevereiro de 2009 e 2011. Utilizou-se a classificação do peso ao nascer segundo sexo e idade gestacional para caracterizar os desfechos: pequeno, adequado ou grande. O questionário de frequência alimentar estimou o consumo durante o 2º e 3º trimestres da gestação. Os alimentos foram classificados segundo o grau de processamento: 1) alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados e ingredientes culinários (óleos, gordura, sal e açúcar), 2) alimentos processados e 3) alimentos ultraprocessados. Os tercis de energia das categorias descritas acima foram distribuídos segundo o desfecho e as características maternas e do recém-nascido. Adotou-se a regressão logística multinomial para analisar a associação do consumo de alimentos segundo o grau de processamento sobre os desfechos do peso ao nascer segundo a idade gestacional e o sexo (pequeno, adequado ou grande).
Resultados
A análise do questionário de frequência do consumo alimentar das 300 mulheres indicou que a contribuição de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados e ingredientes culinários foi de 54,0%, enquanto que os percentuais dos grupos de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados foram 2,0% e 44,0%, respectivamente. O maior tercil de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados e ingredientes culinários obteve efeito protetor para a prevalência de recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional e o sexo em relação ao menor tercil (OR: 0,13; IC 95%: 0,02;0,89; p=0,04).
Conclusão
O maior consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados e ingredientes culinários durante a gestação pode ser um fator de proteção contra a ocorrência de recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional e o sexo quando comparado com mães classificadas no menor tercil de consumo.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Gracielle Gesteira ROCHA, Andreia ANDRADE-SILVA, Nadya Helena ALVES-SANTOS, Maria Beatriz Trindade de CASTRO
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