Índices de avaliação da qualidade da dieta
Palavras-chave:
Dieta, Dieta mediterrânea, ÍndicesResumo
Para avaliação da qualidade da dieta, diferentes índices ou escores foram desenvolvidos, considerando padrões dietéticos reconhecidamente saudáveis ou baseando-se em guias alimentares para populações em geral ou para a prevenção de doenças. Dos vários índices, quatro deles servem de base para a maior parte dos estudos: Índice de Qualidade da Dieta, Índice de Alimentação Saudável, Escore da Dieta Mediterrânea e Índice Geral de Qualidade Nutricional. A partir desses modelos, alguns outros foram criados, com acréscimo do termo adaptado/revisado, ou em novas versões (I, II ou III) como referência do respectivo original. Esses índices, mesmo validados, apresentam associações geralmente modestas com o risco de mortalidade ou doenças, o que aponta suas limitações, bem como a complexidade de se medir a relação causal entre dieta e parâmetros de saúde. Esta revisão tem como objetivo descrever os principais instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade da dieta, assim como suas aplicações e limitações, relativas ao uso e interpretações.
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