Association between the consumption of antioxidant nutrients with lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents
Palavras-chave:
Adolescents, Antioxidants, Food consumption, Lipid metabolism disorders, Cardiovascular diseaseResumo
Objective
This study aimed at validating the associations between the consumption of antioxidant nutrients as well as lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risks in adolescents.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 327 adolescents aged 14-19 years. Sociodemographic and dietary information, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and biochemical data were obtained. Cardiometabolic risk was calculated by aggregating the risk factors, which were expressed as the sum of Z-scores. Poisson regression was performed to estimate the prevalence ratios.
Results
In boys, low intake of zinc was associated with elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, whereas it was associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in girls, thus indicating a cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, low intake of copper was associated with high triglyceride levels and cardiometabolic risk in girls. The high prevalence ratios of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels and cardiometabolic risk were higher in those with low intake of vitamin A. Among girls, associations were also observed between lower intake of vitamin A and high triglyceride levels. Low intake of vitamin C among boys was associated with elevated high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Among girls, the intake of this vitamin was associated with lower low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In girls, low intake of vitamin E was associated with low low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high total cholesterol levels.
Conclusion
The associations between antioxidant micronutrients as well as lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk emphasize the importance of encouraging the consumption of foods that are rich in these nutrients to modulate lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk.
Referências
Ding W, Cheng H, Yan Y, Zhao X, Chen F, Huang G, et al. 10-Year trends in serum lipid levels and dyslipidemia among children and adolescents from several schools in Beijing, China. J Epidemiol. 2016;26(12):637-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20140252
Faludi AA, Izar MCO, Saraiva JFK, Chacra APM, Bianco HT, Afiune Neto A, et al. Atualização da Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Prevenção da Aterosclerose: 2017. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;109(2 Supl 1):1-76.
Ye Y, Li J, Yuan Z. Effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056803
Vasilev V, Matrozova J, Elenkova A, Vandeva S, Kirilov G, Zacharieva S. Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) as circulating markers for endothelial dysfunction in patients with pheochromocytoma. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2013;21(9):551-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1353183
Weiss TW, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I. Components of the interlukin-6 transsignalling system are associated with the metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Metabolism. 2013;62(7):1008-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.019
SitiHawa N, Yusof K, Kamsiah J. The role of oxidative stress, antioxidants and vascular inflammaton in cardiovascular disease: A review. Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;71:40-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2015. 03.005
Suarez-Ortegón MF, Ordoñez-Betancourth JE, Aguilar-de-Plata C. Dietary zinc intake is inversely associated to metabolic syndrome in male but not in female urban adolescents. Am J Hum Biol. 2013;25(4):550-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22408
García OP, Ronquillo D, Caamaño MC, Martínez G, Camacho M, López V. Zinc, iron and vitamins A, C and E are associated with obesity, inflammation, lipid profile and insulin resistance in Mexican school-aged children. Nutrients. 2013;5(12):5012-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5125012
Benstoem C, Goetzenich A, Kraemer S, Borosch S, Manzanares W, Hardy G. Selenium and its supplementation in cardiovascular disease: What do we know? Nutrients. 2015;7(5):3094-118. http://dx. doi.org/10.3390/nu7053094
Gaur GS, Dixit AK. Effect of vitamin C on serum lipid profile in normal human subjects: A study. Inter J Cur Res. 2011;3(11):286-8.
Wang X, Ouyang Y, Liu J, Zhu M, Zhao G, Bao W, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ.2014;349:g4490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4490
Pinho LD, Silveira MF, Botelho AC, Caldeira AP. Identification of dietary patterns of adolescents attending public schools. J Pediatr. 2014;90(3):267-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.04.00613. Souza AM, Barufaldi LA, Abreu GA, Giannini DT, Oliveira CL, Santos MM, et al. ERICA: ingestão de macro e micronutrientes em adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saúde Pública. 2016;50(Supl 1):5s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006698
Luiz ES, Torres TG, Hagnanini MMF. Planejamento amostral. In: Luiz RR, Costa AJL, Nadanovsky P. Epidemiologia e bioestatística na pesquisa odontológica. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2005.
Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Brasil). Educação básica: Censo escolar. Brasília: Inep; 2014 [acesso 14 jun 2015]. Disponível em: http://www.dataescolabrasil.inep.gov.br/dataEscolaBrasil/home.seam
Bloch KV, Klein CH, Szklo M, Kuschnir MCC, Abreu GA, Barufaldi LA, et al. Prevalências de hipertensão arterial e obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saúde Pública. 2016;50(Supl 1):9s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006685
Armitage P. Statistical method in medical research. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1981.
Ministério da Saúde (Brasil). Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa com Seres Humanos. Resolução nº 466/12. Diário Oficial da União. 2012 [acesso 2016 mar 17];(12):59; Seção 1. Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/cns/2013/res046 6_12_12_2012.html
Cameron N. Anthropometric measurements. In: Cameron N, editor. The measurement of human growt. London: Croom Helm; 1984.
Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Anthropometry: Major measurements. In: Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. Community nutritional assessment with special reference to less technically developed countries. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press; 1989.
World Health Organization. Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO child growth standards: Length/height-forage, weight-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2007.
Callaway CW, Chumlea WC, Bouchard C, Himes JH, Lohman TG, Martin AD, et al. Circunferences. In: Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, editors. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1988. p.39-54.
Fredriks AM, van Buuren S, Verloove-Vanhorick MFSP, Wit JM. Are age references for waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio in Dutch children useful in clinical practice? Eur J Pediatr. 2005;164(4):216-22. http://dx.doi.org/0.1007/s00431-004-1586-7
Ashwell M, Hsieh SD. Six reasons why the waist-toheight ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005; 56:303-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480500195066
Moshfegh AJ, Rhodes DG, Baer DJ, Murayi T, Clemens JC, Rumpler WV. The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(2):324-32.
Verly-Júnior E, Castro MA, Fisberg RM, Marchioni DML. Precision of usual food intake estimates according to the percentage of individuals with a second dietary measurement. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;122(7):1015-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.03.028
German Institute of Human Nutrition PotsdamRehbrücke [site].The Multiple Source Method (MSM). Nuthetal: Dife; 2017 [cited 20 Jan 2017]. Available from: https://msm.dife.de
Malachias MVB, Souza WKSB, Plavnik FL, Rodrigues CIS, Brandão AA, Neves MFT, et al. 7 nuthetal: Dife; 2017. Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertensão Arterial. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016;107(3 Supl 3):1-83.
Molina MCB, Faria CP, Montero MP, Cade NV, Mill JG. Fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças de 7 a 10 anos de área urbana, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2010;26(5):909-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2010000500013
Christofaro DGD, Ritti-Dias RM, Fernades RA, Polito MD, Andrade SM, Cardoso JR, et al. Detecção de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes através de marcadores gerais e adiposidade abdominal. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;96(6):465-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2011005000050
Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499-502.
American Diabetes Association Position Statement. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diab Care. 2010;33(Suppl 1):S62-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc10-S062
Eisenmann JC. On the use of a continuous metabolic syndrome score in pediatric research. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008;7:17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-7-1734. Moreira C, Moreira P, Abreu S, Santos PC, Moreira-Silva I, Póvoas S, et al. Vitamin D Intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014;12(3):171-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/met.2013.0065
Faria-Neto JR, Bento VFR, Baena CP, Olandoski M, Gonçalves LGO, Abreu GA, et al. ERICA: prevalência de dislipidemia em adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saúde Pública. 2016;50(Supl 1):10s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S01518-8787.2016050006723
Kuschnir MCC, Bloch KV, Szklo M, Klein CH, Barufaldi LA, Abreu GA, et al. ERICA: prevalência de síndrome metabólica em adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Saúde Pública. 2016;50(supl 1):11s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006701
Shen H, MacDonald R, Bruemmer D, Stromberg A, Daugherty A, Li X. Zinc deficiency alters lipid metabolism in LDL receptor-deficient mice treated with rosiglitazone. J Nutr. 2007;137(11): 2239-45.
Partida-Hernandez G, Arreola F, Fenton B, Cabeza M, Roman-Ramos R, Revilla-Monsalve MC. Effect of zinc replacement on lipids and lipoproteins in type 2-diabetic patients. Biomed Pharmacother. 2006;60(4):161-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha. 2006.02.004
Kadhim HM, Ismail SH, Hussein KI, Bakir IH, Sahib AS, Khalaf BH. Effects of melatonin and zinc on lipid profile and renal function in type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with metformin. J Pineal Res. 2006;41(2):189-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2006.00353.x
Galhardi CM, Diniz YS, Rodrigues HG, Faine LA, Burneiko RC, Ribas BO. Beneficial effects of dietary copper supplementation on serum lipids and antioxidant defenses in rats. Ann Nutr Metab. 2005;49(5):283-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000087294
Aeberli I, Hurrell RF, Zimmermann MB. Overweight children have higher circulating hepcidin concentrations and lower iron status but have dietary iron intakes and bioavailability comparable with normal weight children. Int J Obes. 2009;33(10):1111-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009
Kiefer FW, Orasanu G, Nallamshetty S, Brown JD, Wang H, Luger P, et al. Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 coordinates hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism. Endocrinology. 2012;153(7):308999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-210
Ashor AW, Siervo M, Velde F, Willis ND, Mathers JC. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials testing the effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood lipids. Clin Nutr. 2015;35(3):626-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.021
McRae MP. Vitamin C supplementation lowers serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides: a meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials. J Chiropr Med. 2008;7(2):48-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcme.2008.01.002
Charlton-Menys V, Durrington PN. Human cholesterol metabolism and therapeutic molecules. Exp Physiol. 2008;93(1):27-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.2007.035147
Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Shukla KK, John PJ, Sharma P. Vitamin C in disease prevention and cure: An overview. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(4):314-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3
Louzada MLC, Martins APB, Canella DS, Baraldi LG, Levy RB, Claro RM, et al. Impact of ultra-processed foods on micronutrient content in the Brazilian diet. Rev Saúde Pública. 2015;49:45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049006211
Bielemann RM, Motta JVS, Minten GC, Horta BL, Gigante DP. Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e impacto na dieta de adultos jovens. Rev Saúde Pública. 2015;49-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005572
Livingstone MB, Robson PJ, Wallace JM. Issues in dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents. Br J Nutr. 2004. 92(Suppl 2):S213-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041169
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Larisse Monteles NASCIMENTO, Keila Rejane Oliveira GOMES, Marcio Denis Medeiros MASCARENHAS, Cassio Eduardo Soares MIRANDA, Telma Maria Evangelista de ARAÚJO, Karoline de Macedo Gonçalves FROTA
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
