Avaliação da ingestão de micronutrientes, níveis de ansiedade e fatores de risco que afetam o desenvolvimento de doenças em indivíduos com hipotireoidismo
Palavras-chave:
Ansiedade, Hipotireoidismo, Micronutrientes, Vitamina DResumo
Objetivo
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores de risco que afetam o desenvolvimento do hipotireoidismo e examinar os consumo de micronutrientes dietéticos selecionados em indivíduos com hipotireoidismo primário, hipotireoidismo subclínico e eutireoideo, comparando-os com o grupo controle saudável, e avaliar a relação entre os consumo de micronutrientes dietéticos e as hormonas tiroideias séricas. Além disso, este estudo objetivou observar a gravidade da ansiedade em diferentes grupos de hipotireoidismo.
Métodos
Este estudo de caso-controle foi realizado com 120 indivíduos: 60 no grupo pacientes e 60 no grupo controle. O grupo pacientes foi ainda subdividido em hipotireoidismo primário, hipotireoidismo subclínico, e grupos eutróide. Um questionário e o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck foram administrados a todos os participantes. Foram recolhidos registos de consumo alimentar diário (i.e., 24 horas por dia), medições antropométricas, e parâmetros bioquímicos.
Resultados
Quando o nível de vitamina D no soro aumentou uma unidade (ng/mL), o risco de doença diminuiu 1%; e quando a idade (ano) aumentou uma unidade, o risco de doença aumentou 5.1%. A ingestão de micronutrientes na dieta foi semelhante em todos os grupos. Verificaram-se correlações negativas entre os níveis séricos de T4 e a ingestão de selênio no grupo com hipotireoidismo primário, e entre os níveis séricos de TSH e a ingestão de cobre no grupo com hipotireoidismo subclínico, e entre os níveis séricos de TSH e a ingestão de iodo no grupo controle. Pontuação do Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck dos grupos pacientes foram superiores ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos de hipotireoidismo primário, subclínico e eutireoideo em termos de pontuação de ansiedade.
Conclusão
O nível sérico de vitamina D e a idade afetaram o risco de hipotireoidismo. A ingestão de micronutrientes foi associada aos parâmetros da tireoide. A ansiedade foram maior nos doentes com hipotireoidismo, independentemente dos níveis da hormona tiroideia.
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