Creativity and thinking and creating styles in future managers, musicians, and architects
Keywords:
Evaluation, Creativity, Management, ThinkingAbstract
The objective of this study is to characterize and compare the levels of creativity and the thinking and creating styles mon a sample of 210 Management, Architecture, and Music university students considering their gender and age. The present study also aims to analyze the possible correlation between the levels of creativity and thinking and creating styles. The Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production and the Portuguese version of Thinking and Creating Styles Scale were used. The difference between means showed that Architecture students had higher levels of creativity than Management students. The analysis of the thinking and creating styles showed that only the students aged 18-24 years were more Cautious/Reflective. A strong negative correlation between the levels of creativity and the Cautious/Reflective style was found for the entire sample; a strong positive correlation between the levels of creativity and the Non-Conforming/Transformer style was found for the management students. We suggest critical reflection on the figurative nature and the social desirability of the tests used, as well as on the possible importance of special training in a certain area (e.g. Architecture) to explain the variance in creativity and in thinking and creating styles.
Downloads
References
Alencar, E. M. L. S. (1998). Promovendo um ambiente favorável à criatividade nas organizações. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 38(2), 18-25.
Alencar, E. M. L. S., & Fleith, D. (2008). Barreiras à promoção da criatividade no ensino fundamental. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 25(1), 59-65.
Almeida, L., Barbosa, V., & Ibérico Nogueira, S. (2007, Setembro). A criatividade em estudantes universitários: a avaliação com o Test for Creative Thninking-Drawing Production. Comunicação apresentada no IX Congreso Internacional Galaico-Português de Psicopedagoxía. Universidade la Coruña, Espanha.
Almeida, L., & Ibérico Nogueira, S. (2006, Outubro). Test of Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCP-DP): estudo preliminar na população Portuguesa. Comunicação apresentada na XI Conferência de Avaliação Psicológica: Formas e Contextos. Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga.
Almeida, L., & Ibérico Nogueira, S. (2009, October). Creativity and innovativeness: Studies with public and private Portuguese organizations. Paper presented at 11th European Conference on Creativity and Innovation. Brussels, Belgium.
Almeida, L., Ibérico Nogueira, S., Bahia, S., & Urban, K. (2007, July). Assessing creativity: The Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP). The concept, application, evaluation and Portuguese studies. Poster session presented at 10th European Congress of Psychology, Prague, Czech Republic.
Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 123-167.
Amabile, T. M., Conti, R., Coon, H., Lazenby, J., & Herron, M. (1996). Assessing the work environment for creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1154-1184.
Amabile, T. M., Schatzel, E., Moneta, G., & Kramer, S. (2004). Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: Perceived leader support. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), 5-32.
Barron, F., & Harrington, D. M. (1981). Creativity, intelligence and personality. Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 439-476.
Burleson, W., & Selker, T. (2002). Creativity and interface. Communications of the ACM, 45(10), 89-90.
Cramond, B. (2008). Creativity: An international imperative for society and the individual. In M. F. Morais & S. Bahia (Eds.), Criatividade: conceito, necessidades e intervenção (pp.13-40). Braga: Psiquilíbrios Edições.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). Society, culture, and person: A systems view of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp.325-339). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of discovery and invention. New York: Harper Collins.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2009). Implications of a systems perspective for the study of creativity. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp.313-338). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Crosby, A. (1972). Criatividade e desempenho na organização industrial. São Paulo: Atlas.
El-Murad, J., & West, D. C. (2004). The definition and measurement of creativity: What do we know? Journal of Advertising Research, 40(2), 188-201.
Fields, A. E. (2001). Intuition engineering. Journal of Organizational Engineering, 2(3), 1-13.
Galton, F. (1869). Hereditary genius: An inquiry into its laws and consequences. London: MacMillan.
Gardner, H. (1988). Creative lives and creative works: A synthetic scientific approach. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp.298-321). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gaspersz, J. B. R. (2005). Compete with creativity. Essay presented at the Innovation Lecture Compete with Creativity of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Hague, Holland.
Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5(9), 444-454.
Heizen, T. (1994). Situational affect: Proactive and reactive creativity. In M. P. Shaw & M. A. Runco (Eds.), Creativity and affect (pp.127-146). Norwoord: Abex.
Ibérico Nogueira, S., Almeida, L., & Bragança, C. (2010, July). Portuguese college students: Different levels or different creativities? Paper presented at 27th International Congress of Applied Psychology. Melbourne, Australia.
Ibérico Nogueira, S., Almeida, L., & Wechsler, S. (2012, July). Thinking and creating styles: Psychometric studies with Portuguese sample. International Test Conference. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Jellen, H., & Urban, K. K. (1986). The TCT-DP (Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production): An instrument that can be applied to most age and ability groups. Creative Child and Adult Quarterly, 11, 138-155.
Kirton, M. (1994). Adaptors and innovators styles of creativity and problem solving. London: Routledge.
Lombroso, C. (1976). The man of genius. London: Walter Scott Publishing. (Original work published 1891).
Mayer, R. E. (1999). Fifty years of creativity research. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp.449-460). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mundim, M. C., & Wechsler, S. M. (2007). Estilos de pensar e criar em gerentes organizacionais e subordinados. Boletim de Psicologia, 57(126), 15-32.
Mitjáns, A. (2002). Creatividad y salud en los indivíduos y en las organizaciones. Creatividad y Sociedad, 1, 25-32.
Puccio, G., Murdock, M., & Mance, M. (2005). Current developments in creative problem solving for organizations: A focus on thinking skills and styles. The Korean Journal of Thinking & Problem Solving, 1(2), 43-76.
Simonton, D. K. (1999). Creativity and genius. In L. Pervin & O. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and research (2nd ed., pp.629-652). New York: Guilford Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (1988). A three-facet model of creativity. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity (pp.125-147). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stenberg, R. J., & Grigorenko, E. L. (1997). Are cognitive style still in style?. American Psychologist, 52(7), 700-712.
Sternberg, R., & Lubart, T. (2009). The concept of creativity: Prospects and paradigms. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp.3-15). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Super, D. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior,16(3), 282-298.
Terman, L. M. (1954). Scientists and nonscientists in a group of 800 gifted men. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 68(378), 1-44.
Torrance, E. P. (1976). Criatividade: medidas, testes e avaliações. São Paulo: Ibrasa.
Urban, K. K., & Jellen, H. G. (1996). Manual of Test for Creative Thinking-Drawing Production (TCT-DP). Amsterdam: Harcourt Test Publishers.
Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), 293-321.
Wechsler, S. M. (1999). Avaliação da criatividade: um enfoque multidimensional. In S. M. Wechsler & R. S. L. Guzzo (Orgs.), Avaliação psicológica: perspectiva internacional (pp.231-259). São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.
Wechsler, S. M. (2006). Estilos de pensar e criar. Campinas: IDB/LAMP.
Wechsler, S. M. (2008). Criatividade: descobrindo e encorajando. Campinas: IDB/LAMP.
Wechsler, S., Vendramini, C. M. M., & Oakland, T. (2012). Thinking and creative styles: A validity study. Creativity Research Journal, 24(2), 235-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2012.677359
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Leonor ALMEIDA, Sara IBÉRICO NOGUEIRA

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.







