ASSOCIAÇÕES GÊNERO-ESPECÍFICAS DA CAMINHABILIDADE: CAMINHADA, USO DO SOLO E CARACTERÍSTICAS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24220/2318-0919v19e2022a5061Palabras clave:
Caminháveis. Mulheres. Deslocamento Ativo. Uso misto do solo.Resumen
Ambientes caminháveis têm o potencial de promover vitalidade econômica, sustentabilidade ambiental e qualidade de vida. A mistura dos usos do solo é uma das características mais amplamente estudadas da caminhabilidade, profundamente relacionada à caminhada. Mulheres apresentam, segundo a literatura, padrões de deslocamento mais complexos, profundamente ligados a mistura de usos do solo adjacente à residência, no entanto, faltam de evidências preditivas sobre esta relação no contexto do Brasil. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é verificar empiricamente a influência do uso do solo no comportamento de caminhada de mulheres, moderando características sociodemográficas em uma cidade brasileira. Com dados de Origem-Destino de um estudo de caso (Londrina-PR), foi realizada uma modelagem de regressão logística. Viagens realizadas por mulheres (n = 9670) foram a resposta dicotômica, características sociodemográficas e proporções de uso da terra foram variáveis independentes. Os principais resultados mostram que o uso misto do solo afeta expressivamente o comportamento ativo das mulheres em viagens a pé, onde o emprego, maior renda e educação nas mulheres parecem determinar negativamente a caminhada. Este estudo contribui com informações relevantes para apoiar políticas públicas baseadas em evidências. Em nosso paradigma social estruturalmente rígido, ainda mais atenuado por nossa realidade pandêmica, as políticas de uso do solo urbano podem desempenhar um papel importante no encaminhamento de diretrizes de design urbano mais sensíveis a questões de gênero.
Descargas
Citas
ADLAKHA, D.; PARRA, D. C. Mind the gap: Gender differences in walkability, transportation and physical activity in urban India. Journal of Transport & Health, v. 18, 100875, p. 1–10, 2020.
ADLAKHA, D.; SALLIS, J. F. Activity-friendly neighbourhoods can benefit non-communicable and infectious diseases. Cities & Health, v. 18, p. 1-5, 2020. Special Issue: COVID-19.
AGRESTI, A. An introduction to categorical data analysis. 2nd. ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
AUGUSTO, P. et al. Condições socioeconômicas e prática de atividades físicas em adultos e idosos: uma revisão sistemática. Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity and Health, v. 22, n. 3, p. 217-232, 2017.
BITTMAN, M. et al. When does gender trump money? Bargaining and time in household work. American Journal of Sociology, v. 109, n. 1, p. 186-214, 2015.
BOARNET, M. G.; HSU, H. The gender gap in non-work travel: the relative roles of income earning potential and land use. Journal of Urban Economics, v. 86, p. 111-127, 2015.
BOUTAYEB, A.; BOUTAYEB, S. The burden of non-communicable diseases in developing countries. International Journal for Equity in Health, v. 4, n. 2, p. 1-8, 2005.
BROWN, B. B.; SMITH, K. R. Complex active travel bout motivations: gender, place, and social context associations. Journal of Transport and Health, v. 6, p. 335-346, 2016.
BUCK, C. et al. Objective measures of the built environment and physical activity in children: from walkability to moveability. Journal of Urban Health, v. 92, n. 1, p. 24-38, 2014.
CAUWENBERG, J. V. et al. Relationship between the physical environment and physical activity in older adults: a systematic review. Health & Place, v. 17, n. 2, p. 458-469, 2011.
CAUWENBERG, J. V.et al. Environmental factors influencing older adults’ walking for transportation: a study using walk-along interviews. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, v. 9, n. 85, p. 1-11, 2012.
CERIN, E. et al. Destinations that matter: associations with walking for transport. Health and Place, v. 13, n. 3, p. 713-724, 2007.
CERVERO, R.; KOCKELMAN, K. Travel demand and the 3Ds: density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, v. 2, n. 3, p. 199-219, 1997.
CHRISTIAN, H. E. et al. How important is the land use mix measure in understanding walking behaviour? Results from the RESIDE study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, v. 8, n. 55, p. 1-12, 2011.
CLIFTON, K. J.; LIVI, A. D.; PARK, C. Gender differences in walking behavior, attitudes about walking, and perceptions of the environment in three Maryland communities. In: CONFERENCE ON WOMEN’S ISSUES IN TRANSPORTATION, 2005, Chicago. Proceedings [...]. Chicago: Transportation Research Board, 2005. v. 2, p. 18-20.
CRANE, R. Is there a quiet revolution in women’s travel? Revisiting the gender gap in commuting. Journal of the American Planning Association, v. 73, n. 3, p. 298-316, 2007.
DYCK, V. et al. Moderating effects of age, gender and education on the associations of perceived neighborhood environment attributes with accelerometer-based physical activity: The IPEN adult study. Health & Place, v. 36, p. 65-73, 2015.
EWING, R. et al. Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity: update and refinement. Health and Place, v. 26, p. 118-126, 2014.
FAGAN, C.; TRUDEAU, D. Education and research empowerment by design? women’s use of new urbanist neighborhoods in suburbia. Journal of Planning Education and Research, v. 34, n. 3, p. 325- 338, 2014.
FORSYTH, A. et al. The built environment, walking, and physical activity: Is the environment more important to some people than others? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, v. 14, n. 1, p. 42-49, 2009.
FRANK, L. D. et al. Pathways from built environment to health: a conceptual framework linking behavior and exposure-based impacts. Journal of Transport & Health, v. 12, p. 319-335, 2019.
FRANK, L. D.; ANDRESEN, M. A.; SCHMID, T. L. Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, v. 27, n. 2, p. 87–96, 2004.
FRUMKIN, H. et al. Urban sprawl and public health: designing, planning, and building for healthy communities. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2004. v. 1
GEBEL, K.; BAUMAN, A.; OWEN, N. Correlates of Non-Concordance between perceived and objective measures of walkability. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, v. 37, n. 2, p. 228-238, 2009.
GEHL, J. Cidade para pessoas. 2. ed. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 2013.
GILES-CORTI, B. et al. The co-benefits for health of investing in active transportation. NSW Public Health Bulletin, v. 21, n. 5-6, p. 122-127, 2010.
GOLAN, Y. et al. Gendered walkability: building a daytime walkability index for women. The Journal of Transport and Land Use, v. 12, n. 1, p. 501-526, 2019.
GRASSER, G.; TITZE, S.; STRONEGGER, W. J. Are residents of high-walkable areas satisfied with their neighbourhood? Journal of Public Health, v. 24, n. 6, p. 469–476, 2016.
HAJNA, S. et al. A call for caution and transparency in the calculation of land use mix: measurement bias in the estimation of associations between land use mix and physical activity. Health & Place, v. 29, p. 79–83, 2014.
HANDY, S. Community Design and Travel Behavior Exploring the Implications for Women. In: CONFERENCE ON WOMEN’S ISSUES IN TRANSPORTATION. 2004. Chicago. Proceedings [...]. Chicago: Transportation Research Board, 2004. v. 1, p.29-38.
HOSMER, D.; LEMESHOW, S. Applied logistic regression. 2nd. ed. New Jersey: Wiley Periodicals, 1989.
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Panorama municipal: Londrina-Paraná. Censo Brasileiro de 2010. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2010. Disponível em: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/ brasil/pr/londrina/panorama. Acesso em: 6 ago. 2020.
INSTITUTO DE PESQUISA E PLANEJAMENTO URBANO DE LONDRINA. Plano de mobilidade de Londrina. Londrina: IPPUL, 2019. Disponível em: http://ippul.londrina.pr.gov.br/index.php/plano-de-mobilidade.html. Acesso em: 9 mar. 2021.
JACOBS, J. The death and life of great American cities. New York: Vintage Books-Random House, 1961.
KOOHSARI, M. J. et al. Mismatch between perceived and objectively measured land use mix and street connectivity: associations with neighborhood walking. Journal of Urban Health, v. 92, n. 2, p. 242-252, 2015.
KOSKELA, H.; PAIN, R. Revisiting fear and place: women’ s fear of attack and the built environment. Geoforum, v. 31, p. 269-280, 2000.
KRETZER, G.; SABOYA, R. T. Tipos arquitetônicos e diversidade de usos do solo: uma análise em duas escalas. Oculum Ensaios, v. 17, p. 1-21, 2020. https://doi.org/10.24220/2318-0919 v17e2020a4408
LEÃO, A. L. F. et al. Walkability variables: an empirical study in Rolândia-PR, Brazil. Ambiente Construído, v. 20, n. 2, p. 475-488, 2020.
LEE, S. M. The Association between neighborhood environment and neighborhood satisfaction: moderating effects of demographics. 2010. 76 f. Thesis (Master of Public Health with a Concentration in Epidemiology) – San Diego State University, San Diego, 2010.
LEE, S. M. et al. The Relation of perceived and objective environment attributes to neighborhood satisfaction. Environment and Behavior, v. 49, n. 2, p. 136-160, 2017.
LESLIE, E. et al. Walkability of local communities: using geographic information systems to objectively assess relevant environmental attributes. Health and Place, v. 13, n. 1, p. 111-122, 2007.
LO, A. W.; HOUSTON, D. How do compact, accessible, and walkable communities promote gender equality in spatial behavior? Journal of Transport Geography, v. 68, p. 42-54, 2018.
LORBER, J.; FARRELL, S. A. The social construction of gender. Newbury Park: Sage Publication, 1991.
LUAN, H.; RAMSAY, D.; FULLER, D. Household income, active travel, and their interacting impact on body mass index in a sample of urban Canadians: a bayesian spatial analysis. International Journal of Health Geographics, v. 18, n. 4, p. 1-10, 2019.
MAGURRAN, A. E. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.
McGUCKIN, N.; MURAKAMI, E. Examining trip-chaining behavior: comparison of travel by men and women. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, v. 1693, n. 1, p. 79-85, 1999.
NORTH, M. A. A method for implementing a statistically significant number of data classes in the Jenks algorithm. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, 6., 2009, Tianjin. Anais […]. Tianjin: IEEE, 2009. p. 35-38.
OWEN, N. et al. Understanding environmental influences on walking: review and research agenda. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, v. 27, n. 1, p. 67–76, 2004.
OWEN, N. et al. Neighborhood walkability and the walking behavior of Australian adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, v. 33, n. 5, p. 387–395, 2007.
PAIN, R. Gender, race, age and fear in the city. Urban Studies, v. 38, n. 5-6, p. 899-913, 2001.
PAIN, R. H. Social geographies of women’s fear of crime. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, v. 22, n. 2, p. 231-244, 1997.
PEET, R. K. The measurement of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 5, p. 285-307, 1974.
PICKUP, L. Hard to get around: a study of women’s travel mobility. In: JO LITTLE, L. P.; RICHARDSON, P. (ed.). Women in cities: gender and the urban environment. London: Palgrave, 1988. p. 98-108.
PIVO, G.; FISHER, J. D. Effects of walkability on property values and investment returns. Real Estate Economics, v. 39, n. 1, p. 1-26, 2006.
POLLARD, T. M.; WAGNILD, J. M. Gender differences in walking (for leisure, transport and in total) across adult life: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, v. 17, n. 341, p. 1-11, 2017.
R CORE TEAM. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2020. Available from: http://www.r-project.org/. Cited: Aug. 6, 2020.
RACHELE, J. N. et al. Are measures derived from land use and transport policies associated with walking for transport? Journal of Physical Activity and Health, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2018.
RANTAKOKKO, M. et al. Unmet physical activity need in Old Age. Journal of the American Geriatric Association, v. 58, p. 707-712, 2010.
RISSEL, C. E. Active travel: a climate change mitigation strategy with co-benefits for health. NSW Public Health Bulletin, v. 20, n. 1-9, p. 10-13, 2009.
SALLIS, J. F. et al. Is your neighborhood designed to support physical activity? A brief streetscape audit tool. Preventing Chronic Disease, v. 10, n. 141, p. 1-11, 2015.
SALLIS, J. F. et al. Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet, v. 387, n. 10034, p. 2207-2217, 2016.
SCHWANEN, T.; KWAN, M.; REN, F. How fixed is fixed? Gendered rigidity of space-time constraints and geographies of everyday activities. Geoforum, v. 39, n. 6, p. 2109-2121, 2008.
SONG, Y.; MERLIN, L.; RODRIGUEZ, D. Comparing measures of urban land use mix. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, v. 42, p. 1-13, 2013
SUGIYAMA, T. et al. Land use proportion and walking: Application of isometric substitution analysis. Health & Place, v. 57, p. 352-357, 2019.
SUNG, H.; LEE, S.; CHEON, S. Operationalizing Jane Jacobs’ s urban design theory: empirical verification from the great city of seoul, korea. Journal of Planning Education and Research, v. 35, n. 2, p. 1-14, 2015.
THOMPSON, M. L.; MYERS, J. E.; KRIEBEL, D. Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the analysis of cross-sectional data: what is to be done? Occupational and Environmental Medicine, v. 55, n. 4, p. 272-277, 1998.
VANCE, C.; BUCHHEIM, S.; BROCKFELD, E. Gender as a Determinant of Car Use Evidence from Germany. In: CONFERENCE ON WOMEN’S ISSUES IN TRANSPORTATION, 2004. Chicago. Proceedings [...]. Chicago: Transportation Research Board, 2004. v. 1, p. 59-67.
WEUVE, J. et al. Physical Activity, including walking, and cognitive function in older women. Journal of the American Medical Association, v. 292, n. 12, p. 6-13, 2004.
YIN, R. K. Estudo de caso: planejamento e métodos. 2. ed. São Paulo: Bookman Companhia Editora, 2001.
