Prevalence of internet addiction and associated factors in students
Keywords:
Behavior, addictive, Epidemiologic studies, Internet, Student healthAbstract
Objective
A cross-sectional study that estimated the prevalence of Internet Addiction and associated factors among High School and College students in Montes Claros – Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Methods
Internet Addiction was evaluated through the Internet Addiction Test, and demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, as well as internet usage profile characteristics, were examined. Descriptive analysis and the Poisson regression model were applied.
Results
Of the 2,519 participants, 52.3% were considered with Internet Addiction Problems. In High School, the following factors were identified: are women and girls, age over >16, class C, alcohol consumption, impaired sleep, frequent use of social networks, and time spent connected. In Higher Education, the following factors: are women and girls, age over >23, paid activity,class C and D/E, alcohol consumption, impaired sleep, imbalanced diet, frequent use of social networks, and time spent connected.
Conclusion
There was an expressive prevalence of Internet Addiction Problems, an outcome associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and internet use characteristics.
Downloads
References
Abreu, C. N., Karam, R. G., Góes, D. S., & Spritzer, D. T. (2008). Dependência de internet e de jogos eletrônicos: uma revisão. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 30(2), 156-167. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462008000200014
Anderson, E. L., Steen, E., & Stavropoulos, V. (2017). Internet use and problematic internet use: a systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), 430-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716
Andrade, A. L. M., Kim, D. J., Caricati, V. V., Martins, G. D. G., Kirihara, I. K., Barbugli, B. C., Enumo, S. R. F., & De Micheli, D. (2020). Validity and reliability of the brazilian version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version for university students and adult population. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e190117. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e190117
Añez, C. R. R., Reis, R. S., & Petroski, E. L. (2008). Brazilian version of a lifestyle questionnaire: translation and validation for young adults. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 91(2), 102-109. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2008001400006
Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (2008). Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil. ABEP.
Azevedo, J. C. (2013). A coisificação do “eu” e a personificação da “coisa” na sociedade em rede: do normal ao patológico – dependência psíquica e estruturações de identidades [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense.
Barreto, R. P. (2014). Dispositivos móveis conectados à internet: usos, aprendizagens e dependências da web. Colabor@, 8(31), 37-48.
Bener, A., & Bhugra, D. (2013). Lifestyle and depressive risk factors associated with problematic internet use in adolescents in an Arabian Gulf culture. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 7(4), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0b013e3182926b1f
Bhandari, P. M., Neupane, D., Rijal, S., Thapa, K., Mishra, S. R., & Poudyal, A. K. (2017). Sleep quality, internet addiction and depressive symptoms among undergraduate students in Nepal. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), e106. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1275-5
Bozkurt, H., Özer, S., Şahin, S., & Sönmezgöz, E. (2018). Internet use patterns and Internet addiction in children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatric Obesity, 13(5), 301-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12216
Cerutti, R., Presaghi, F., Spensieri, V., Valastro, C., & Guidetti, V. (2016). The potential impact of internet and mobile use on headache and other somatic symptoms in adolescence. A population-based cross-sectional study. Headache, 56(7), 1161-1170. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12840
Comissão Nacional sobre Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (2008). As causas sociais das iniquidades em saúde no Brasil: relatório final da Comissão Nacional sobre Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (CNDSS). Editora Fiocruz.
Conti, M. A., Jardim, A. P., Hearst, N., Cordás, T. A., Tavares, H., & Abreu, C. N. (2012). Evaluation of semantic equivalence and internal consistency of a Portuguese version of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 39(3), 106-110. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832012000300007
Costa, A. G., Camurça, V. V., Braga, J. M., & Tatmatsu, D. I. B. (2012). Drogas em áreas de risco: o que dizem os jovens. Physis: Revista de Saúde Coletiva, 22(2), 803-819. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-73312012000200021
Ferreira, C., Ferreira, H., Vieira, M. J., Costeira, M., Branco, L., Dias, A., & Macedo, L. (2017). Epidemiology of internet use by an adolescent population and its relation with sleep habits. Acta Medica Portuguesa, 30(7-8), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.8205
Fioravanti, G., Dèttore, D., & Casale, S. (2012). Adolescent Internet addiction: testing the association between self-esteem, the perception of Internet attributes, and preference for online social interactions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 15(6), 318-323. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0358
Fortim, I., & Araujo, C. A. (2013). Aspectos psicológicos do uso patológico de internet. Boletim Academia Paulista de Psicologia, 33(85), 292-311.
Ghahremani, L., Baghkheirati, A. J., & Nazari, M. (2020). Internet addiction and its effect on the academic achievement students of shiraz university of medical sciences: cross-sectional study on addiction-driven behaviors. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 4(1), 44-51.
Goel, D., Subramanyam, A., & Kamath, R. (2013). A study on the prevalence of internet addiction and its association with psychopathology in indian adolescents. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 140-143. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.111451
Greenfeld, D. (1999). Virtual addiction: help for netheads, cyberfreaks, and those who love them. New Harbinger Publications.
Hinić, D. (2011). Problems with ‘Internet addiction’ diagnosis and classification. Psychiatria Danubina, 23(2), 145-151.
Khoshakhlagh, H., & Faramarzi, S. (2012). The relationship of emotional intelligence and mental disorders with internet addiction in internet users university students. Addiction & Health, 4(3-4), 133-141.
Khoury, J. M., Freitas, A. A. C., Roque, M. A. V., Albuquerque, M. R., Neves, M. C. L., & Garcia, F. D. (2017). Assessment of the accuracy of a new tool for the screening of smartphone addiction. Plos One, 12(5), e0176924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176924
Lee, K., Lee, H. K., Gyeong, H., Yu, B., Song, Y. M., & Kim, D. (2013). Reliability and validity of the korean version of the Internet Addiction Test among college students. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 28(5), 763- 768. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2013.28.5.763
Lee, Y. H., Ko, C. H., & Chou, C. (2015). Re-visiting internet addiction among taiwanese students: a cross-sectional comparison of students’ expectations, online gaming, and online social interaction. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(3), 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9915-4
Lemos, I. L., Silva, R. F. N., & Silva, M. C. M. D. (2016). Uso inadequado de internet no ambiente de trabalho: uma revisão sistemática. Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia, 9(1), 125-140.
Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2014). Family factors in Internet addiction among Chinese youth: a review of english-and chinese-language studies. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.004
Lin, I.-H., Ko, C.-H., Chang, Y.-P., Liu, T.-L., Wang, P.-W., Lin, H.-C., Huang, M.-F., Yeh, Y.-C., Chou, W.-J., & Yen, C.-F. (2014). The association between suicidality and Internet addiction and activities in Taiwanese adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 504-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.11.012
Marin, C. E., Feldens, V. P., & Sakae, T. M. (2016). Dependência de Internet, qualidade do sono e sonolência em estudantes de Medicina de Universidade do Sul do Brasil. Revista da AMRIGS, 60(3), 191-197.
Morioka, H., Itani, O., Osaki, Y., Higuchi, S., Jike, M., Kaneita, Y., Kanda, H., Nakagome, S., & Ohida, T. (2017). The association between alcohol use and problematic internet use: a large-scale nationwide cross-sectional study of adolescents in Japan. Journal of Epidemiology, 27(3), 107-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.10.004
Moromizato, M. S., Ferreira, D. B. B., Souza, L. S. M., Leite, R. F., Macedo, F. N, & Pimentel, D. (2017). O uso de internet e redes sociais e a relação com indícios de ansiedade e depressão em estudantes de medicina. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 41(4), 497-504. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v41n4rb20160118
Munno, D., Saroldi, M., Bechon, E., Sterpone, S. C. M., & Zullo, G. (2016). Addictive behaviors and personality traits in adolescents. CNS Spectrums, 21(2), 207-213. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852915000474
Muñoz-Miralles, R., Ortega-González, R., López-Morón, M. R., Batalla-Martínez, C., Manresa, J. M., Montellà- Jordana, N., Chamarro, A., Carbonell, X., & Torán-Monserrat, P. (2016). The problematic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in adolescents by the cross sectional JOITIC study. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1), e140. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0674-y
Nemati, Z., & Matlabi, H. (2017). Assessing behavioral patterns of Internet addiction and drug abuse among high school students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 10, 39-45. https://doi. org/10.2147/PRBM.S123224
Ostovar, S., Allahyar, N., Aminpoor, H., Moafian, F., Nor, M. B. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Internet addiction and its psychosocial risks (depression, anxiety, stress and loneliness) among Iranian adolescents and young adults: a structural equation model in a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14(3), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9628-0
Pontes, H. M., Szabo, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). The impact of Internet-based specific activities on the perceptions of internet addiction, quality of life, and excessive usage: a cross-sectional study. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 1, 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2015.03.002
Riedl, D., Stoeckl, A., Nussbaumer, C., Rumpold, G., Sevecke, K., & Fuchs, M. (2016). Usage patterns of internet and computer games: results of an observational study of Tyrolean adolescents. Neuropsychiatrie, 30(4), 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40211-016-0205-y
Seyrek, S., Cop, E., Sinir, H., Ugurlu, M., & Şenel, S. (2017). Factors associated with internet addiction: cross-sectional study of turkish adolescents. Pediatrics International, 59(2), 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/ ped.13117
Silva, T. O., & Silva, L. T. G. (2017). Os impactos sociais, cognitivos e afetivos sobre a geração de adolescentes conectados às tecnologias digitais. Revista Psicopedagogia, 34(103), 87-97.
Siomos, K., Floros, G., Makris, E., Christou, G., & Hadjulis, M. (2014). Internet addiction and psychopathology in a community before and during an economic crisis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 23(3), 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796013000437
Tan, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, Y., & Li, L. (2016). Exploring associations between problematic internet use, depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among southern chinese adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), e313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030313
Tang, C. S. K., Koh, Y. W., & Gan, Y. (2017). Addiction to internet use, online gaming, and online social networking among young adults in China, Singapore, and the United States. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 29(8), 673-682. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539517739558
Terres-Trindade, M., & Mosmann, C. P. (2016). Conflitos familiares e práticas educativas parentais como preditores de dependência de internet. Psico-USF, 21(3), 623-633. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-8271201621031516
Terroso, L. B., & Argimon, I. I. L. (2016). Dependência de internet e habilidades sociais em adolescentes. Estudos e Pesquisas em Psicologia, 16(1), 200-219.
Tumeleiro, L. F., Costa, A. B., Halmenschlager, G. D., Garlet, M., & Schmitt, J. (2018). Dependência de internet: um estudo com jovens do último ano do ensino médio. Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia, 11(2), 279-293. https://dx.doi.org/10.36298/gerais2019110207
Vink, J. M., van Beijsterveldt, T. C., Huppertz, C., Bartels, M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2016). Heritability of compulsive Internet use in adolescents. Addiction Biology, 21(2), 460-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12218
Wu, X.-S., Zhang, Z.-H., Zhao, F., Wang, W.-J., Li, Y.-F., Bi, L., Qian, Z.-Z., Lu, S.-S., Feng, F., Hu, C.-Y., Gong, F.- F., & Sun, Y.-H. (2016). Prevalence of Internet addiction and its association with social support and other related factors among adolescents in China. Journal of Adolescence, 52, 103-111. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.07.012
Yayan, E. H., Arikan, D., Saban, F., Baş, N. G., & Özcan Ö. Ö. (2017). Examination of the correlation between Internet addiction and social phobia in adolescents. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 39(9), 1240- 1254. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945916665820
Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: the emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
Zhang, C., Brook, J. S., Leukefeld, C. G., & Brook, D. W. (2016). Longitudinal psychosocial factors related to symptoms of Internet addiction among adults in early midlife. Addictive Behaviors, 62, 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.019
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Alexandre Botelho BRITO, Cássio de Almeida LIMA, Kewla Dias Pires BRITO, Rafael Silveira FREIRE , Romerson Brito MESSIAS, Luiz Fernando de REZENDE, Maria Fernanda Santos Figueiredo BRITO, Lucinéia de PINHO, Marise Fagundes SILVEIRA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.