Topologia do simportador tireoideano sódio/iodeto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24220/2318-0897v19n1/6a829Palabras clave:
Glândula tireoide, Iodo , SimportadoresResumen
A síntese de hormônios tireoideanos depende fundamentalmente da captação de iodo do meio extracelular para o interior do tireócito. Esse processo é mediado por uma glicoproteína transmembrânica denominada simportador sódio/iodeto, que transporta iodeto para o interior do tireócito, juntamente com dois íons sódio em um processo de cotransporte. Esse processo é orquestrado pelo potencial eletroquímico gerado pela bomba Na+/K+ ATP´ase dependente. O simportador sódio/iodeto também está envolvido no transporte ativo de iodeto em tecidos extratireoideos, tais como glândulas salivares, mucosa gástrica e a mama em lactação. A alta capacidade de acumular iodeto pelo tireócito constitui a base do diagnóstico cintilográfico e também da terapêutica com radioiodo em situações de hiperfunção tireoidea, como, por exemplo, na doença de Graves. Algumas mutações no simportador sódio/iodeto geram prejuízo no transporte de iodeto para o tireócito, resultando em hipotireoidismo congênito; além disso, o simportador sódio/iodeto pode tornar-se alvo de imunocomplexos, como, por exemplo, nas doenças tireoideanas autoimunes. Finalmente, o estudo molecular do simportador sódio/iodeto apresenta importância em muitas áreas, que compreendem desde proteínas transportadoras até o diagnóstico e tratamento de cânceres em tecidos tireoidianos e extratireoideos. Este artigo objetivou descrever o simportador sódio/iodeto presente na glândula tireoide, destacando sua sequência de resíduos de aminoácidos, topologia e todos os demais aspectos pertinentes a sua estrutura e função. Foi desenvolvido através de revisão sistemática da literatura nacional e internacional pelo indexador Medline/PubMed, utilizando os unitermos: iodeto, tireoide, transportador, topologia, sequência de resíduos de aminoácidos e estrutura.
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