Growth and pulmonar function
Keywords:
pulmonary function, growth, child, adolescence, spirometryAbstract
This review aims at reporting the age, height and weight influences on the pulmonary function measures in children and adolescents. These three growth variables are presented separately, in order to better understand the influence each one exerts on the pulmonary function measurements obtained by spirometry. Initially this paper presentes the definition of spirometry and its indications, application conditions, and measures obtained. Then, several researches carried out on healthy children and adolescents, using this technique, are presented. As the spirometry is applied in children from five years old on - because this test needs the individual collaboration — this paper reports results from the age group of 5 to 18 years old. Some comments are presented regarding the pulmonary function increase with age, as well as the diferences between genders and the relation between the age that the pulmonary function reaches the velocity peak and the age the height reaches the velocity peak. The height is related with the increase in the volumemeasures and flow measures in each age group. It is given a special note to the gender diferences and their possible explanations. The diferences between spirometry measurements• in white and black people with the same height are also presented, as well as the importance of reference values of the pulmonary function for each population. In the analysis of the weight influence on the spirometry measurements, the weight increase caused by the efect of muscularity in considered separately from the effect of obesity.
Downloads
References
AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY. Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies. Am Rev Respir Dis, New 1991.
AMERICANTHORACIC SOCIETY. Standardization of Spirometry. Am JR espir Crit Care Med, v. 152, n.3, p.1107-1136, 1995.
DUFETELP.etal. Growth and ventilatory function in Black children and adolescents. Rev Mal Respir, Paris, v. 12, n.2,p.135-143, 1995.
KANTOR Jr., O. Testes de função pulmonar em crianças e adolescentes. J Pediatr, St. Louis, v. 73, n.3, p.145-150, 1997.
KIVASTIK, J., KINGISEPP, P.H. Differences in lung function and chest dimensions in school-age girls and boys. Clin Physiol, Oxford, v. 17, n.2, p. 149-157, 1997.
LAZARUS, R. et al. Effects of body fat on ventilatory function in children and adolescents: cross sectional findings from a random population sample of school children. Pediatr Pulmonol, Philadelphia, v.24, n.3, p.187-194, 1997.
MALLOZZI, M.C. Valores de referência para espirometria em crianças e adolescentes, calculados a partir de uma amostra da cidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, 1995. 116p. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, 1990.
MÁRTIRE, T.M. Espirografia em crianças como método complementar de avaliação da função pulmonar. Prat Hosp, São Paulo, v.4, n.4, p.17-20, 1989.
MIYAZAWA, M.et al. Pulmonary function in normal Japanese children 6 to 16 years of age. Rinsho Byori, Tokyo, v.37, n.8, p.933-942, 1989. (Abstract).
NEWBERGER M. et al. Lung function reference values for students 6 to 16 years of age. Pneumologie, Stuttgart, v.48, n.3, p. 175-181, 1994.
PEREIRA, C.A.C. 1 Consenso Brasileiro sobre Espirometria. J Pneumol, São Paulo, v.22, n.3, p. 105-164, 1996.
SCHOENBERG, J.B.,RECK,G.J. Growth and decay of pulmonary function in healthy blacks and whites. RespirPhysi01, v.33, n.3, p.367-393, 1978.
SCHWARTZ, J.D. et al. Analysis of Spirometric Data from a national sample of healthy 6 to 24 years old (NHANES 11). Am Rev Dis, New York, v. 138, n. 6, p.1405-1414, 1988.
SHERRILL, D.L., CAMILLI, A., LEBOWITZ, M.D. On the temporal relationships between lung function and somatic growth. Am Rev Respir Dis, New York, v. 140, n.3, p.638-644, 1989.
SMEETS, M. et al. Lung growth of pre-adolescent children. Eur Respir J, Copenhagen v. 3, n. 1, p.91-96, 1990.
TAUSSIG, L.M., COTA, K., KALTENBORN, W. Different Mechanical Properties of the Lung in Boys and Girls. Am Rev Respir Dis, New York, v. 123, n.6, p.640-643, 1981.
WANG, X. et al. Pulmonary function between 6 and 1 8 years of age. Pediatr Pulmonol, Philadelphia, v. 15, n.2,p.75-88, 1993a.
WANG, X. et al. Pulmonary function growth velocity in children 6 to 18 years of age. Am Rev RespirDis, New York, v. 148, n.6 (Pt1), p. 1502-1508, 1993b.
WYNGAARDEN, J.B., SMITH, Jr. L.H., BENNETT, J .C. Cecil tratado de medicina interna. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1993. 2v.
