Cytogenetic analysis investigation in farmers exposed to pesticides
Keywords:
Cytogenetic analysis, Chromosome aberrations, Pesticide exposure, Cholinesterase inhibitorsAbstract
This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effect in agricultura/ workers that are exposed to pesticides, using two different tests for evaluation; the cholinesterase and the cytogenetic. Ata time that we observed that indications of safety are not obeyed, what consequently, cause damages to their health as a neurotoxic effect, cancer and even death. The studied was conducted in agricultura/ workers residing in the city of São Miguel Arcanjo (SP) that has a major part of its economy directed to agricu!ture. The method was carried through cytogenetic tests and measures in the leveis of cholinesterase. These leveis were constantly dosed in the individuais working in agricu!ture; be!ieving that these do not reflect possib!e alterations in the genetic material. The resu!ts had shown a great number of individuais with genetic alterations (of 36 individuais analyzed, 21 had presented some type of alteration), what has lead us to a reflection in regards to the improper use of the pesticides, as we/1 as, not using proper personal protection equipment. This information has /ead us to be!ieve that the prob!em with this subject invo!ved a social and educationa! matter and that perhaps we should pay more attention to the health of agricultura! workers in the region.
Downloads
References
Bolognesi C. (2003). Genotoxicity of pesticides: a review of human biomonitoring studies. Mutaiont Research, 543(3):251-72.
Bréga S.M.; Vassilieff L.; Almeida A.; Mercadante A.; Bissacot D.; Cury, P.R. & Freire-Maia, D.V. (1998). Clinicai, cytogenetic and toxicological studies in rural workers exposed to pesticides in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 14(3):109-15.
Cavenee, W.K.; Dryja, T.P.; Phillips, R.A.; Benedict, W.F.; Godbout, R.; Gallie, B.1.; Murphree, A.I.; Strong, L.A. & White, R.L. (1983). Expression of recessive alleles by chromosomal mechanisms in retinoblastoma. Nature, 305:779-84.
Faria, N.M.X.; Facchini, L.A.; Fassa, A.C.G. & Tomasi, E. (2004) Trabalho rural e intoxicações por agrotóxicos. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 20(5):1298-308.
Faria, N.M.X.; Fassa, A.G. & Facchini, LA (2007). Intoxicação por agrotóxicos no Brasil: os sistemas oficiais de informação e desafios para realização de estudos epidemiológicos. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 12(1):25-38.
Fenyvesi, G.; Botos, M.& Ivan, J. (1985). Pesticide-drug interactions in rats. Archives of Toxicology Supplement, 8:269-71.
FUNASA. Avaliação da Colinesterase Sanguínea Humana. Disponível em: . (Acesso 6 maio 2009).
Klein, G. (1981). The role of gene dosage and genetic transposition in carcinogenesis. Nature, 294:313-8.
Knedel, M. & Bõttger, R. (1967). Eine kinetische Methode zur Bestimmung der Aktivitat der Pseudocholinesterase (Acylcholinacylhydrolase 3.1.1.8). Klinische Wochenschrift, 45:325-7.
Kourakis, A.; Mouratidou, M.; Kokkinos, G.; Barbouti, A.; Kotsis, A.; Mourelatos, D. & Dozi-Vassiliades, J. (1992). Frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in pesticide sprayers working in plastic green houses. Mutation Research, 279(2):145-8.
Maroni, M. & Fait, A. (1993). Health effects in man fron long-term exposure to pesticidas. Toxicology. 78:1-180.
Mertens, H.W.; Steen, J.A. & Lewis, M.F. (1976). Some behavioral effects of pesticides: the interaction of mevinphos and atropine in pigeons. Aviation. Space and Environmental. Medicine. 47:137-41.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. (2003). Base de dados de produtos agrotóxicos e fitossanitários, Disponível em: http:// extranet.agricultura.gov.br/agrofit_cons/ principal_agrofit_cons>. (Acesso: 20 maio 2009).
Moorhead, P.S.; Nowell, P.C.; Mellman, W.J.; Battips, D.M. & Hungerford, D.A. (1960) Chromosome preparations of lenkocyte cultures from human peripheral blood. Experimental Ce/1 Research, 32:609-12.
Moreira, J.C.; Jacob, S.C.; Peres, F.; Lima, J.S.; Meyer, A.; Oliveira-Silva, J.J.; Sarcinelli, P.N. Batista, D.F.; Egler, M.; Faria, M.V.C.; Araujo, A.J.; Kubota, H.K.; Soares, M.O.; Alves, S.R.; Moura, C.M. & Guri, R. (2002). Avaliação integrada do impacto do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde humana em uma comunidade agrícola de Nova Friburgo, RJ. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 7(2) 299-311.
Nunes, M.V. & Tajara, E.H. (1998). Efeitos tardios dos praguicidas organoclorados no homem. Revista de Saúde Pública, 32(4):372-82
Organização Internacional do Trabalho. (1998). Agriculturay sectores basados en recursos biológico s[OIT]. Enciclopedia de Saludy Seguridaden el Trabajo, 3(64):64.2-64.77.
Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde. (1996). Manual de vigilância da saúde de populações expostas a agrotóxicos. Brasília: OPAS.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (1997). Guidance document for the conduct of studies of occupational exposure to pesticides during agricultura! application. Paris.
Raunio, H.; Husgafvel-Pursiainen, K.; Anttila, S.; Hietanen, E.; Hirvonen, A. & Pelkonen, O. (1995). Diagnosis of polymorphims in carcinogen-activating and inactivating enzymes and cancer susceptibility. Gene,159(1):113-21.
Reynolds, P.; Von, B.J.; Gunie, R.B.; Goldberg, D.E.; Hertz, A. & Harnly, M.E. (2002). Childhood cancer and agricultura! pesticide use: an ecologic study in California. Environmenta/ Hea/th Perspectives, 110(3):319-24.
Rowley, J.D. (1984). Biological implications of consistent chromosome rearrangements in leukemia and lymphoma. Cancer Research, 44(48):3159-68.
Shabtai, E.; Bichacho, S. & Halbrecht, L. (1979) Cytogenetic observation in infertile men working with insecticidal compounds. Acta Genetica/ Medical et Geme//ologiae, 27:51-6.
Shaham, J.; Kaufman, Z.; Gurvich, R. & Levi, Z. (2001). Frequency of sister-chromatid exchange among greenhouse farmers exposed to pesticides. Mutation Research, 491(1-2):71-80
Vogelstein, B. & Kinzler, K.W. (1998). The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill.
