Resistance to various toxins and anaesthetics in Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859
Keywords:
Fishes, ecotoxicology, oils and anaesthetics, Poecilia reticulataAbstract
Followingthe maximum critical technique (MC) we carried out tests of resistance on different toxins in Poecilia reticulata. The results obtained in decreasing
orderwere: Sodium Hypochloride, Leaded superoil (high octane), Formaldehyde, Non-Ieaded super oil (high octane), Hydrogen Peroxide, Common oil, Diesel oil, Petroleum ether, Ethanol96% and Methanol. In addition, with LSa and ca, experiments were performed at different salinities with LSa always being more
toxic than ca giving a negative and significant correlation between MC and salinity. In the experiments carried out with ethanol using the resistance time
technique of 50% (tR50%), values for distinct concentrations were determined and related in the equation tR50%=O,83. CE-,4337wlth R2=83,7 (n=8). Following the use ofthis equation CL50-96h = 0,284% is estimated. Different anaesthetics were analysed recording their action times for Poecilia reticulata. The six utilised were divided into two groups: of rapid action (Benzocaine, menthol and macerated of tobacco) and of slow action (Diazepan, Diethyl barbituric acid and
Sodium diethyl barbiturate). The benzocaine is the most rapid in having an effect with a 100% recuperation with doses less or equal to 1gr/L. The second in efficiency is menthol with a recuperation of 100% with doses of 5 gr/L. The macerated of tobacco is the one which presents the highest mortality. Key words: Fishes, ecotoxicology, oils and anaesthetics, Poecilia reticulat
Downloads
References
BECKER, C.D. and R.G.GENOWAY, 1979. Evaluation of the critical thermal maximum for determining thermal tolerance of freshwater fish. Env. Biol. Fish 4(3): 245-246.
CASSARA, H. 1993. Argentina, Ornamental fish production and market status.OFI Journal (Official Pub. of ornamental Fish International) 5: 9.
COAD, B.W. 1996. Exotic and transplanted fishes in southwest Asia. Pub!. Espec. Inst. Esp. Oceoanogr., 21: 81-106.
DE LA TORRE, F.R.; S.O. DEMICHELlS; FERRARI, L.and A. SALlBIAN. 1997. Toxicity of Reconquista Riverwater: Biossays with juvenile Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Bul!. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,58:558-565.
DROSTE, H.J.;T.F. MERINOySALAZAR, A. 1982. Adaptación del guppy Lebistes reticulatus al ambiente. Actualidades biológicas, 11(40): 40-47.
FREY, H. 1961. lIustrated dictionary of tropical fishes. TFH Pub!. Inc., New York, 768 pp..
FRY, F.E.J. 1971. Effectsofenvironmentalfactorson the physiology of fish. En: Fish Physiology Vol VI (1): 1-97. Ed. HOAR W.S. y D.J.RANDALL. Academic Press, New York.
GIUSTO, A.; S.E.GOMEZ; CASSARA, C. y R.A. FERRIZ. 1998. Resitencia a la temperatura y salinidad en Poecilia reticulata. Bioikos, 12(2) (en prensa).
GOMEZ, S.E. 1996. Resistenza alla temperatura e salinitá in pesci della provincia di Buenos Aires (Argentina), con implicazioni zoogeografiche. In: Atti 4 Convegno Nazionale Assoc. Ital. Ittiol. Acque dolci, Trento, Italy: 171-192.
GOMEZ, S.E. y N.!. TORESANI. 1998. Nivel mínimo letal de pH en Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), (Pisces, Atheriniformes). Rev. Mus. Arg. Cienc. Nat. "Bernardino Rivadavia", Hidrobiología, 8(7): 65-67.
GOMEZ, S.E.; H. CASSARA y BORDONE, S.1994. Producción y comercialización de los peces ornamentales en la República Argentina. Revista de Ictiologfa, Vol 2/3 nº 1/2: 13/20.
HARRASS, M. 1986. LC50 calculation program, version 2.0 (October, 1986).
HEATH, A.G. 1995. Water Pollution and Fish Phisiology. Secondedition. LewisPublisher, Boca Raton, Florida, 359 pp.
KRAMER, D.L. 1983. Aquatic surface respiration in the fishes of Panama: distribution in relation to the risk of hypoxia. Env. Biol. Flsh. 8(1): 49-54.
KRAMER, D.L. and J.P. MEHEGAN. 1981. Aquatic surfase repiration and adaptive response to hipoxia inthe guppy Poecilia reticulata, Pisces Poecilidae. Env. Biol. Fishes, 6: 299-314.
MACCHI, G.J.; A. AUBONA and CHRISTIENSEN, H.E. 1992.lncidence ofpathologies inwhitecroaker (Microponiasfurnleri) ovaries, and their relation with different Buenos Aires and Uruguay coastal areas. Atlántica, 14:73-85.
MACKIE,P.R.; A.S. McGILLand HARDY,R. 1972. Diesel oil contamination of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Envlronmental pollution, 3(1):9-16.
MERINO,T.F. YH.J. DROSTE. 1983. Adaptación del guppy Lebistes reticulatus al ambiente. 11.La adaptación fisiológico-metabólica. Actualidades biológicas, 12(45): 68-76.
NEFF,J.M. and J.W.ANDERSON. 1981. Responses of Marine Animals to Petroleum and Specific Petroleum Hidrocarbons. Applied Science, London.
PALADINO, F.V.; J.R. SPOTILA; SCHUBAUER J.P. and K.T. KOWALSKI. 1980. The critical thermal maximum: a technique used to elucidate physiological stress and adaptation infishes.Rev. Can. Biol. 39: 115-122.
PARMADE CROUX,J. 1990. Benzocaine (Ethyl-p- Aminobenzoate) as an anaesthetic for Prochilodus lineatus, Valenciennes (Pisces,
Curimatidae).J. Appl.lchthyol., 6:189-192.
PESSAH, E.; J.S. LOCH and MACLEOD, J.C. 1973. Preliminary report on the acute toxicity of Canadian petroleum refinery effluents to fish. Fish. Res. B. Can., Tech. Rep. Num. 408:43 pp.
RINGUELET, RA 1967. Contaminación o polución del ambiente acuático con referencia especial a la que afecta el área Platense. Agro, 9(15):5-33.
ROMAN,L.H; B.L. TRAVI YBENTARCOR, L.D. 1977. Benzocaina como anestésico en peces.Rev. Med. Vet, 58(2):145-149.
SKELTON, P. 1993. A Complete Guide of the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa. Souther Book Publishers, Harare. 388 pp.
STEPHAN, C.E. 1977. Methods for calculating an LC50. En: Aquatic toxicology and hazard evaluation, ASTM STP 634, F.L.Mayer y
J.L.Hamelink (Eds.), American SocietyforTesting and Materials: 65-84.
STICKLE, W.B; T.D. SABOURIN and RICE, S.D. 1982. Sensivity and osmoregulation of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, exposed to toluene and naphthalene at different salinities. In: Physlological Mechanlsms of Pollutant Toxicity,Vernberg, W.B., Calabrese, A., Thurberg, F.P and Vernverg, F.J., Eds., Academic Press, New York, 1982, 331.
SPRAGUE, J.B. 1990. Aquatic toxicology. In:, Methods for fish biology. Schereck, C.B. y P.B.Moyle, Eds, Cap.: 15, AFS, Bethesda,
Maryland, 684 pp.
SUMMERFEL T, R.C. and L.S. SMITH, 1990. Anesthesia, surgery and related techniques. In: Methods for fish biology. Schreck, C.B. & P.B. Moyle, Eds. Cap.: 8, AFS, Bethesda, Maryland, 684 pp.
WARD, G.S. Y P.R. PARRISH, 1982. Manual de métodos de investigación del medio acuático. Parte 6. Ensayos de Toxicidad. FAO, Doc. Téc. Pesca, (185), 25 pp.
WINEMILLER, K.O. 1989. Patterns of variation in life among South American fishes in seasonal environments. Oecologia, 81: 225-241.
