Semen cryopreservation of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus
Keywords:
Cryopreservation, Semen, Epinephelus marginatus, Dusky grouper, Reproduction, MaricultureAbstract
This study aimed to develop a semen cryopreservation protocol for the dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus. In three separate experiments, the effects of three diluents (pH 6.1, 7.8 and 8.2), four dilutions (1:0; 1:1; 1:2 and 1:3), six concentrations of the cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10.0 and 12.5%) and five freezing speeds (90, 60, 45, 30 and 15°C.min-1) on the motility and time of sperm motility on the cryopreserved semen were analyzed. The semen was frozen in nitrogen vapor using cryogenic slats, and was subsequently transferred to liquid nitrogen. The highest sperm motility rate and time of motility (p <0.05) were achieved by combining diluent (pH 7.8), in a 1:3 (v/v) proportion, with a 5% concentration of cryoprotector (dimethyl sulfoxide) and freezing speed of 60°C.min-1. These results enabled the implantation of the first semen bank in Brazil for the dusky grouper.
Downloads
References
Babiak, I.; Brzuska, E. & Perkowski, J. (2000). Fractional factorial design of screening experiments on cryopreservation of fish sperm. Aquaculture Research, 31(1):273-82.
Barreiros, J.P. (1998). Sexual inversion in Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Pisces: Serranidae, Epinephelinae) nos Açores. Revista Portuguesa de Zootecnia, 5(1):81-90.
Billard, R. (1978). Some data on gametes preservation and artificial insemination in teleost fish. Actes de Colloques du CNEXO, 8(2):59-73.
Cerqueira, V.R. Cultivo de peixes marinhos. In: Baldisseroto, B. & Gomes, L.L. (Ed.) 2005. Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. Santa Maria: Editora UFSM. p.369-406.
Chao, N.H.; Tsai, H.P. & Liao. I.C. (1992). Short and long- term cryopreservation of sperm and sperm suspension of the grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider). Asian Fisheries Science, 5(1):103-116.
Chao, N.H. & Liao, I.C. (2001). Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos. Aquaculture, 197(1):161-89.
Chereguini, O.; Banda, I.G. de La; Rasines, I. & Fernandez, A. (2001). Larval growth of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.) produced with fresh and cryopreserved sperm. Aquaculture Reserch, 32(1):133-43.
Cloud, J.G.; Miller, W.H. & Levanduski, M.J. (1990). Cryopreservation of sperm as a means to store salmonid germ plan and to transfer genes from wild fish to hatchery populations. Progressive Fish Culturist, 52(1):51-3.
Cox, E.; Fry, P. & Johnston, A. (2006). Mesocosm technology advances grouper culture in northern Australia. Aquaculture Asia Magazine J., 36(6):34-6. Dreanno, C.; Suquet, M.; Quemener, L.; Cosson, J.; Fierville, F.; Normant, Y. & Billard, R. (1997). Cryopreservation of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 48(3):589-603.
Fauvel, C.; Savoye, O.; Dreanno, C.; Cosson, J. & Suquet, M. (1999). Characteristics of sperm of captive sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax in relation to its fertilization potential. Journal of Fish Biology, 54(2):356-69.
Fennessy, S.T. (2006) Reproductive biology and growth of the yellowbelly rockcod Epinephelus marginatus (Serranidae) from South-East Africa. África Journal of Marine Science, 28(1):1-11.
Foote, R.H. (1975). Semen quality from the bull to the freezer. Theriogenology, 3(1):219.
Grier, H. & Neiding, C. (2000). Gonads and gametes of fishes. In: Tiersch, T.R. & Mazik, P.M. (Ed.). Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: World Aquaculture Society. p.1-12.
Gwo, J.C. (1993). Cryopreservation of black grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 39(2):1331-42.
Gwo, J.C. (2000). Cryopreservation of sperm of some marine fishes. In: Tiersch, T.R. & Mazik, P.M. (Ed.). Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: World Aquaculture Society. p.138-60.
Harvey, B. (1982). Cryobiology and the storage of teleost gametes. In: Goos H.J.T. & Richter. J.J. (Ed.) Proceeding of the international symposium on the reproductive physiology of fish. World Aquaculture Society. Wageningen, Netherlands. p.123-7.
Horváth, A.; Urbányi, B.; Mims, S.D.; Bean, W.B.; Giomelsky, B. & Tierch, T.R. (2006). Improved cryopreservation of sperm of paddlefish (Polyodon spathala). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 37(4):356-62.
Kuo, C.M.; Ting, Y.Y. & Yeh, S.L. (1988). Induced sex reversal and spawning of blue-spotted grouper Epinephelus fario. Aquaculture, 74(1):113-26.
Lahnsteiner, F., Weismann, T. & Patzner, R.A. (1997). Methanol as cryoprotectant and the suitability of 1,2ml and 5ml strans for cryopreservation of semen from salmonid fishes. Aquaculture Research, 28(2):471-9.
Legendre, M. & Billard, R. (1980). Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm by deep freezing. Reproduction, Nutrition, and Development, 20(3):1859-68.
Leung, L.K. (1987). Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of the barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Teleostei: Centropomedae). Aquaculture, 64(1):243-7.
Liao, I. C. (1993). Finfish hatcheries in Taiwan. In: LEE, C. S.; Su, M. S. & Liao, I. C. (Ed.). Finfish hatchery in Asia: proceedings of finfish hatchery in Asia 91. Tungkang Marine Laboratory, Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, Taiwan. p.1-25.
Machado, L.F.; Andrade, A.B.; Hostim-Silva, M. & Barreiros, J.P. (2003). Habitat use by the juvenile dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus and relative abundance, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology, 6(4):133-8.
Marino, G.; Azzurro, E.; Finoia, M.G.; Messina, M.T.; Massari, A. & Mandich, A. (2000). Recent advances in induced breeding of the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). Cahiers Options Mediterraneennes, 47:215-25.
Marino, G.; Panini, E.; Longobardi, A.; Mandich, A.; Finoia, M.G.; Zohar, Y. & Mylonas, C.C. (2003). Induction of ovulation in captive-reared dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), with a sustained-release GnRHa implant. Aquaculture, 219(3):841-58.
Mazur, P. (1970). The freezing of biological systems. Science Cryobiology. 168(4):939-49.
Mazur, P. (1977). The role of intracellular freezing in the death of cells cooled at supraoptimal rates. Cryobiology, 14(1):251-72.
McAndrew, B.J.; Rana, K.J. & Penman, D.J. (1993). Conservation and preservation of genetic variation in aquatic organism. In: Muir, J.F. & Roberts, R.J. Recent advances in aquaculture. Oxford: Blackwell. v. 4. p.295-336.
Miyaki, K.; Nakano, S.; Ohta, H. & Kurokura, H. (2005). Cryopreservation of kelp grouper (Epinephelus moara) sperm using only a trehalose solution. Fisheries Science, 71(2):457-8
Mongkonpunya, K., Chairak, N., Pupipat, T. & Tiersch, T.R. (1995). Cryopreservation of sperm of the Mekong giant catfish. Asian Fisheries Science, 3(1):211-21.
Mounib, M.S.; Hwang, P.C. & Idler, D.R. (1968). Cryogenic preservation of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua sperm. Journal of the Fisheries, 25(3):2623-32.
Peleteiro, J.B.; Chereguini, O. & Cal, R.M. (1996). Preliminary results of artificial fertilization carried out with cryopreserved sperm of turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758). Informe Técnico Del Instituto Espanological de Oceanografo, 162(1):1-13.
Rana, K.J. (1996). Preservation of gametes. In: Bromage, N.R. and Roberts, R.J. Broodstock Management and egg and Larval Quality. Oxford: Blackwell Science. p.53-75.
Riley, K., L., Holladay, C.G., Chesney, E.J. & Tiersch, T. R. (2004). Cryopreservation of sperm of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus). Aquaculture, 238(1):183-94.
Rocha, L.O.F. & Costa, P.A.S. (1999). Manual de identificação de peixes marinhos para a costa central. Rio de Janeiro: Revizee.
Sadovy, Y. & Colin, P.L. (1995). Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. Journal of Fish Biology, 46(3):961-76.
Salisbury, G.W. & Vandemark, N.L. (1964). Fisiologia de la reprodución e inseminacion artificial de los bovidos. Zaragoza: Acribia. 707p.
Sanches, E.G.; Henriques, M.B. & Fagundes, L. (2006). Viabilidade econômica do cultivo da garoupa verdadeira (Epinephelus marginatus) em tanques-rede, região Sudeste do Brasil. Informações Econômicas, 36(8):15-25.
Sanches, E.G. (2006). Boas perspectivas para o cultivo de meros, garoupas e badejos no Brasil. Panorama da Aqüicultura, 16(93):44-51.
Sanches, E. G. (2007). Piscicultura marinha no Brasil: uma alternativa de produção e conservação. Revista Aqüicultura e Pesca, 14(4):16-22.
Scott, A.P. & Baynes, S.M. (1980). A review of the biology, handling and storage of salmonid spermatozoa. Journal of Fish Biology, 17(3):707-39.
Spedicato, M.T.; Lembo, G.; Di Marco, P. & Marino, G. (1995). Preliminary results in breeding of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). Cahiers Options Mediterraneennes, 16(1):131-48.
Suquet, M., Dreanno, C., Fauvel, C., Cosson, J. & Billard, R. (2000). Cryopreservation of sperm in marine fish. Aquaculture Research, 31(1):231-43.
Tiersch, T.R. (2000). Introduction. In: Tierch, T.R. & MazIK, P.M. (Ed). Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Word Aquaculture Society. p. xix-xxvi.
Tierch, T. R., Waymann, W.R., Skapura, D.P., Neidig, C.L. & Grier, H.J. (2004). Transport and cryopreservation of sperm of the common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch). Aquaculture Research, 35(1):278-88.
Thirumala, S.; Campbel, W.T.; Vicknair, M.R.; Tiersch, T.R. & Devireddy, R.V. (2006). Freezing response and optimal cooling rates for cryopreserving sperm cells of striped bass, Morone saxatalis. Theriogenology, 66(3):964-73.
Tucker, J.W., Jr. & Fitzgerald, W.J. (1994). Induced spawning in two Western Tropical Pacific groupers, Plectropomus areolatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, in Palau. Asian Fisheries Science, 7(1):57-62.
Wayman, W.R.; Thomas, R.G. & Tiersch, T.R (1997). Refrigerated storage and cryopreservation of black drum (Pogonias cromis) spermatozoa. Theriogenology, 47(4):1519-29.
Wayman, W.R. & Tiersch, T.R (2000). Research methods for cryopreservation of sperm. In: Tiersch, T.R. & Mazik, P.M (Ed.). Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: The World Aquaculture Society. p.264-79.
Withler, F.C. & Lim, L.C. (1982). Preliminary observations of chilled and deep-frozen storage of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) sperm. Aquaculture, 37(2):389-92.
Zabala, M.; Garcia-Rubies, A.; Louisy, P. & Sala, E. (1997) Spawning behavior of the Mediterranean dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (LOWE, 1834) (Pisces, Serranidae) in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Scientia Marina, 61(1):65-77.
