Sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e afetos em profissionais da saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Palavras-chave:
Afeto, COVID-19, Profissionais de saúde, Transtornos de estresse pós-traumáticosResumo
Objetivo
Este estudo objetivou avaliar sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e afetos em profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19.
Método
Trezentos e setenta e quatro profissionais da área da saúde, dentre os quais 235 profissionais que estavam atuando na linha de frente e 139 que não estavam na linha de frente, responderam a um questionário online composto por dados sociodemográficos, identificação de transtornos mentais pregressos, experiência pessoal frente à pandemia e Escala do Impacto do Evento e Escala de Afetos Positivos e Afetos Negativos. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente de médicos e funcionários da equipe de enfermagem com idades entre 30 e 49 anos.
Resultados
Os resultados demonstram altas pontuações de sintomas relativos ao transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, com maior expressividade nos profissionais da linha de frente, principalmente na equipe de enfermagem, e forte correlação desses resultados com afetos negativos.
Conclusão
O atendimento e intervenções psicológicas direcionadas aos profissionais de saúde são urgentes para mitigar os impactos causados pela pandemia da COVID-19.
Downloads
Referências
Adams, J. G., & Walls, R. M. (2020). Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA, 323(15), 1439-1440. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3972
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed).
Asukai, N., Kato, H., Kawamura, N., Kim, Y., Yamamoto, K., Kishimoto, J., Miyake, Y., & Nishizono-Maher, A. (2002). Reliability and validity of the Japanese-language version of the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R-J): Four studies of different traumatic events. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(3), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200203000-00006
Boni, R. B. D. (2020). Web surveys in the time of COVID-19. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(7), 1-4. https://doi. org/10.1590/0102-311x00155820
Caiuby, A. V. S., Lacerda, S. S., Quintana, M. I., Torii, T. S., & Andreoli, S. B. (2012). Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R). Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 28, 597-603. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2012000300019
Carvalho, H. W., Andreoli, S. B., Lara, D. R., Patrick, C. J., Quintana, M. I., Bressan, R. A., Mari, J. J., & Jorge, M. R. (2013). Structural validity and reliability of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): evidence from a large Brazilian community sample. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 35(2), 169-172. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2012-0957
Chen, R., Liang, S., Peng, Y., Li, X., Chen, J., Tang, S., & Zhao, J. (2020). Mental health status and change in living rhythms among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale survey. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 137, e110219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110219
Chew, N. W. S., Lee, G. K. H., Tan, B. Y. Q., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Ngiam, N. J. H., Yeo, L. L. L., Ahmad, A., Khan, F. A., Shanmugam, G. N., Sharma, A. K., Komalkumar, R. N., Meenakshi, P. V., Shah, K., Patel, B., Chan, B. P. L., Sunny, S., Chandra, B., Ong, J. J. Y., …Sharma, V. K. (2020). A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 559-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. bbi.2020.04.049
Daumas, R. P., Silva, G. A., Tasca, R., Leite, I. C., Brasil, P., Greco, D. B., Grabois, V., & Campos, G. W. S. (2020). The role of primary care in the Brazilian healthcare system: Limits and possibilities for fighting COVID-19. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(6), e00104120. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00104120
Evans, J. D. (1996). Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Eysenbach, G. (2004). Improving the quality of web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Journal of Medical Internet Research, 6(3), e34. https://doi.org/10.2196/ jmir.6.3.e34
Faro, A., Bahiano, M. A., Nakano, T. C., Reis, C., Silva, B. F. P., & Vitti, L. S. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: the emergence of care. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200074. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982- 0275202037e200074
Gallopeni, F., Bajraktari, I., Selmani, E., Tahirbegolli, I. A., Sahiti, G., Muastafa, A., Bojaj, G., Muharremi, V. B., & Tahirbegolli, B. (2020). Anxiety and depressive symptoms among healthcare professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic in Kosovo: a cross sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 137, e110212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110212
Hetzel-Riggin, M. D., Swords, B. A., Tuang, H. L., Deck, J. M., & Spurgeon, N. S. (2019). Work Engagement and Resiliency Impact the Relationship Between Nursing Stress and Burnout. Psychological Reports, 123(5), 1835-1853. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294119876076
Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard,C.,Christensen, H., Silver, R. C., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
Kawamura, N., Kim, Y., & Asukai, N. (2001). Suppression of cellular immunity in men with a past history of posttraumatic stress disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(3), 484-486. https://doi. org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.484
Kim, M. S., Kim, T., Lee, D., Yook, J. H., Hong, Y. C., Lee, S. Y., Yoon, J. H., & Kang, M. Y. (2018). Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 30(1), e31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-018-0244-x
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976-e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
Lee, S. M., Kang, W. S., Cho, A.-R., Kim, T., & Park, J. K. (2018). Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 87, 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.003
Leonelli, L. B., Andreoni, S., Martins, P., Kozasa, E. H., Salvo, V. L., Sopezki, D., Montero-Marin, J., Garcia-Campayo, J., & Demarzo, M. M. P. (2017). Perceived stress among Primary Health Care Professionals in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 20, 286-298. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5497201700020009
Li, Z., Ge, J., Yang, M., Feng, J., Qiao, M., Jiang, R., Bi, J., Zhan, G., Xu, X., Wang, L., Zhou, Q., Zhou, C., Pan, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, H., Yang, J., Zhu, B., Hu, Y., Hashimoto, K., … Yang, C. (2020). Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 916-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007
Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Rourke, S., Hunter, J. J., Goldbloom, D., Balderson, K., Petryshen, P., Steinberg, R., Wasylenki, D., Koh, D., & Fones, C. S. L. (2004). Factors Associated with the psychological impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on nurses and other hospital workers in Toronto. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(6), 938-942. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000145673.84698.18
Morina, N., & von Collani, G. (2006). Impact of War-Related Traumatic Events on Self-Evaluation and Subjective Well-Being. Traumatology, 12(2), 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534765606294560
Neto, M. L. R., Almeida, H. G., Esmeraldo, J. D., Nobre, C. B., Pinheiro, W. R., de Oliveira, C. R. T., Sousa, I. C., Lima, O. M. M. L., Lima, N. N. R., Moreira, M. M., Lima, C. K. T., Gonçalves-Júnior, J., & da Silva, C. G. L. (2020). When health professionals look death in the eye: The mental health of professionals who deal daily with the 2019 coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. psychres.2020.112972
Olff, M., & van Zuiden, M. (2017). Neuroendocrine and neuroimmune markers in PTSD: Pre-, peri- and post-trauma glucocorticoid and inflammatory dysregulation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 14, 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.01.001
Ornell, F., Halpern, S. C., Kessler, F. H. P., & Narvaez, J. C. M. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36(4), e00063520. https:// doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00063520
Otsuka Nunes, L. Y., Lemos, D. C. L., Ribas Júnior, R. C., Behar, C. B., & Santos, P. P. P. (2019). Psychometric analysis of PANAS in Brazil. Ciências Psicológicas, 13(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v13i1.1808
Ryder, A. L., Azcarate, P. M., & Cohen, B. E. (2018). PTSD and Physical Health. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(12), 116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0977-9
Samuelson, K. W., Bartel, A., Valadez, R., & Jordan, J. T. (2017). PTSD symptoms and perception of cognitive problems: The roles of posttraumatic cognitions and trauma coping self-efficacy. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 9(5), 537-544. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000210
Schmidt, B., Crepaldi, M. A., Bolze, S. D. A., Neiva-Silva, L., & Demenech, L. M. (2020). Mental health and psychological interventions during the new coronavirus pandemic. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37, e200063. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200063
Scott, J. C., Matt, G. E., Wrocklage, K. M., Crnich, C., Jordan, J., Southwick, S. M., Krystal, J. H., & Schweinsburg, B. C. (2015). A quantitative meta-analysis of neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Bulletin, 141(1), 105-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038039
Tham, K. Y., Tan, Y. H., Loh, O. H., Tan, W. L., Ong, M. K., & Tang, H. K. (2017). Psychological Morbidity among Emergency Department Doctors and Nurses after the SARS Outbreak. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/102490790501200404
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., Liu, X., Fuller, C. J., Susser, E., Lu, J., & Hoven, C. W. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 54(5), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Jefferson Luiz PEREIRA , Sofia Marques Viana ULISSES, Omar Moreira Del BIANCO, Katerina LUKASOVA
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
